О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова. АНГЛИЙСКИЙ язык. $ ррофа

2 УДК : ББК 81.2Англ-922 А94 Условное обозначение: Fa предлагаемое задание имеет экзаменационный формат А94 Афанасьева, О. В. Английский язык. 8 кл.: в 2 ч. Ч. 2: учебник / О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова. М. : Дрофа, , [2] с. : ил. (Rainbow English). ISBN (ч. 2) ISBN Учебник, созданный известными специалистами в области преподавания английского язы ка, является основным компонентом учебно-методического комплекса для 8 класса. Учебник соответствует Федеральному государственному образовательному стандарту основного общего образования, рекомендован Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации. У Д К : Б Б К 81.2 Англ-922 ISBN (ч. 2) ISBN ООО «Д РО Ф А», 20

3 Book Guide UNIT 3. Performing Arts: Cinema (pages 5 51) Talking Points Grammar Points Vocabulary Points Culture and History 1. The history of cinema 2* Film stars of the 20th century 3. Types of films 4. Describing and discussing films 1. Articles with the names of cinemas, theatres, museums, galleries 2. Past perfect and past perfect progressive in the reported speech 3. Future-in-the-past 4. Rules of the sequence of tenses not observed 5. Verbs with two forms of comparative and superlative degrees (late, old, far, near) 6. Definite and zero articles with the adjective late 1. Words for talking points 2. Formal and informal English 3. Word building: the suffix -ish to form adjectives 4. Phrasal verbs: to see around, to see to, to see through, to see o ff 1. History of Hollywood 2. W alt Disney and his cartoons Consolidation and Extension (Textbook, Step 8, pages 37 43) Workbook 8: Unit 3 Revision (Textbook, Step 9, pages 44 48) Test Yorself (Textbook, Step 10, pages 48 51) Project Work (Textbook, page 51) UNIT 4. The W hole World Knows Them (Textbook, pages ) Talking Points G ram m ar Points 1. Famous people of different countries i 2. Well-known artists and their works j 3, Celebrated writers and scientists S 4. Biographies of outstanding people 1. Passive constructions (general information) 2. Past simple passive (affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences) 3. Passive constructions with verbs that can have two objects 4. Passive constructions in present simple I 5. Passive constructions with the verbs followed by prepositions j 6. Passive constructions with modal verbs j 7. Using adjectives after link-verbs (seem, took, fee/, etc)

4 Vocabulary Points Culture and History 1. Words for talking points 2. The word Sir and its usage 3. English synonyms to learn and to study 4. Confusable English: to be made o f versus to be made from 5. Words and phrases to give opinion 6. Word building: suffixes -dom, -hood, -ship, -ism to form nouns 7. Phrasal verbs: to put down, to put off, to put out, to put up with Some representatives of different cultures - i Katherine the Great, Mikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Griboyedov, Horatio Nelson, Benjamin Franklin, Queen Victoria, Queen Elizabeth II, Steve Jobs, American presidents, Confucius, Mother Teresa, Jury Gagarin, etc Consolidation and Extension (Textbook, Step 8, pages 87 93) Workbook 8: Unit 4 Revision (Textbook, Step 9, pages 94 98) Test Yorself (Textbook, Step 10, pages ) Project Work (Textbook, page 101)

5 Performing Arts: Cinema S t e p Step DO IT TOGETHER Q j Listen to the song, ^ (41), and sing it along. Pasadena1 (K aren a nd A lice M aywood) Come w ith me to Pasadena, Today at ten we w ill a rrive. I h ave been in Pasad en a F o r a great deal of m y life. Refrain'. Come w ith me to Pasadena I f you w a n t to h ave some fu n. W a tc h th e d an cin g sen io rin as In the heat2 o f the sun. W h e n I w oke up tod ay I heard someone say, G irl, i t s rain in g A n d th e y re ex p ectin g 3 snow. R efrain A n d i t s m o rnin g I knew W h a t I had to do T ake the n ex t p lane A n d fin a lly go. R efrain 1 Pasadena [paesa'diino] a city of California, U SA, a famous place for holidaymaking 2 heat [hi:t] жара 8 to expect [ik'spect] ожидать

6 A. Work in pairs. Find out: 1) how often yo u r p artn er goes to the cinem a; 2) what he/she prefers: to watch film s at home or in a cinema house; 3) what kind of film s he/she prefers; 4) if he/she has any favourite film s and favourite actors; 5) w hat is the best/worst film he/she has ever seen and w hy he or she considers them good or bad. B. Report what your partner told you. Example: N. says he goes to the cinema once a month w ith his parents. Listen, A. (42), and read. achievem ent [a'tprvmant] достижение anywhere ['eniwea] где бы то ни было, повсюду crim e [kraim ] преступление d irecto r [di'rekta] режиссёр ra p id ly ['raepidli] быстро screen [skri:n] экран silen t ['sailant] беззвучны й, немой, м олчаливый w ith in [wi'din] в течение, с интервалом в, внутри achievem ent: m any achievem ents, a great achievem ent. W h a t are M ik e s best achievem ents in spo rt? Y o u ve w ritten a v e ry b eau tifu l piece of poetry, w hich is quite an achievem ent! anywhere: to trave l anywhere, anywhere else. H e never trave ls anywhere w ith o u t his cam era. D id you go anywhere in te restin g? This species of tig ers doesn t liv e anywhere else in the w orld. crim e: a serious crim e, a scene of crim e, to comm it1 a crim e, to solve a crim e. It took the police years to solve th a t crim e. A t th a t moment he didn t understand that he had committed a crim e. d irecto r: a film d irecto r. W h a t successful film directors do you know? I remem ber some v e ry good film s by this fam ous d irector, ra p id ly: to move rap id ly, to develop rap id ly, to grow rap id ly. People s in terest in p o litics is rap id ly grow ing in the cou ntry. Some of these bussinesses are rap idly developing. screen: a computer screen, a T V screen, to come to the screen. A new icon w ill appear on your screen. M argo s screen career was very successfu l. He is a star of stage and screen. silen t: a silen t person, silen t reading, to keep silen t about something, a silen t film. I asked m y frien d to keep silen t about m y new plans. W e walked through a silen t forest. Everyon e was silen t when the p resident spoke. I th in k that silen t film s are in the past now. w ith in : w ith in an hour, w ith in the country. There w ere fo u r churches w ith in the w alls of the ancient c ity. W e arrive d w ith in two m inutes of each other. I hope to be ready w ith in two or three days. Complete the sentences with the new words from the box. w ith in, crim e, achievem ents, screen, anywhere, rapidly 1 to commit совершать (обычно преступление, самоубийство)

7 1) Y ou ve been very. today. W h a t s the m atter? 2) K illin g a person is a terrib le. 3) Now adays people p refer big-. televisions. 4) The car. disappeared behind the houses. 5) The new test showed m uch b etter. o f the students. 6) There are some v e ry talented young film 7) I think I ll be able to complete the work 8) I can go. w ith you if you ju st ask me. A. Read the text and answer the questions after it. How It All Began w orking in the cou ntry, two or three days. Cinem a is m uch younger than theatre. I t was born at the end of the 19th cen tu ry. The firs t people who showed the firs t movies to the public ['рлькк] were the Lum ier ['lu:miea] Brothers of France. They did it at the G rand Cafe, Bou levard des Capucines1, P a ris, on the 20th Feb ruary This was the firs t cinem a show. V e ry q u ick ly cinem a appeared in m any other places in a ll p arts of the w orld. The firs t film s showed m oving people and tran sp o rt, then people w ere able to see short comedies on the screen. In 1901 France was the firs t cou ntry to produce a d ram atic film, The Story of a Crime, then The Great Train Robbery2 appeared in the U nited States in A t firs t, people could see film s anywhere: in m usic halls, clubs and shops. B y 1908 special film theatres began to give regular programmes. A t this tim e cinema rap idly developed in both the New and the Old W orld. Charlie Chaplin made his firs t film, M aking a Living, in 1914 in the U S A. The R u ssian film in d u stry was now going on its own w ay. It produced such great film s as Pro tazan o v s The Queen of Spades (1916) and Father Sergius ['saidjias] (1918). A little la te r 1 Grand Cafe, Boulevard des Capucines ['grairj 'kafa 'bulva: 'da 'kaputjin] Грандкафе на бульваре Капуцинок 2 a robbery ['robari] ограбление

8 The Battleship Potemkin came to the screen. That was R u ssia s great achievem ent in cinem a. The film d irecto r was Sergey Eisen stein ['aiznstain]. In 1927, W a rn e r Brothers1 in H ollywood made the firs t film in w hich an actor sang and spoke. The film s title was J a z z [djaez] Singer. It had three songs and a short dialogue. That opened a new era [i:ra] in film s the era of the talk ie s, or sound film s. The silen t film was dead w ith in a year. The firs t one hundred percent2 sound film, Lights of New York, appeared in 1928, and the firs t colour film s in the 1930s. Questions: 1) W hen was cinema born? 2) W h a t country produced the firs t dram atic film? 3) W h y is the film J a zz Singer im portant in the history of cinem a? 4) W here could the people watch the firs t film s? 5) W h a t can you say about the firs t Russian film s? 6) W h en was the era of silen t film s o ver? W h en did the era o f talkies, or sound film s begin? 7) W hen did the firs t colour film s appear? B. W hat do the marked words in the text mean? W hat helped you to understand them: a) the way they look and sound or b) the context? Find in the text the names of these films. 1) «Больш ое ограбление поезда» 2) «П иковая дама» 3) «Огни Нью-Йорка» 4) «И стория преступления» 5) «Отец Сергий» 6) «Броненосец П отём кин» 7) «Певец из джаза» 8) «Зарабаты вая на ж и зн ь» 1 Warner ['wo:na] Brothers американская кинокомпания 2 percent [pa'sent] процент

9 Articles Обратите внимание, что с названиями театров, кинотеатров, музеев, картинных галерей обычно употребляется определённый артикль. Theatres the Bolshoi Theatre the Maly Theatre the Royal Opera House the Royal Shakespeare Theatre the National Theatre the Playhouse Museums the British Museum the Science Museum the Natural History Museum Cinem as the Coliseum ['kdk'sedm] the Saturn ['saet3:n] the Odeon f'audian] the Zenith ['zenig] the Rossia Cinema House the Forum Galleries the National Gallery the National Portrait Gallery the Tretyakov Gallery Complete the sentences. Use the articles a or the where necessary. The Royal Opera House The centre of th eatre life in B rita in is Lo n don b u t in m ost (1 ). c itie s and (2 ). tow ns o f (3 ). c o u n try th e re are (4 ). th e a tre s too. T h ere are about (5 ). hu nd red thea tres in Lond on, h a lf o f them are situ a ted in (6 ). W e s t E n d. P rob a b ly (7 ). m ost fam ous th e a tre is (8 ). R o y a l O pera H ouse a t C ovent G ard en w h ich is in (9 ). c e n tra l London. T h ere you can lis ten to operas and also w a tch b a lle ts b y the R o y a l B a lle t, w h ich has become very successful. There are m any theatres and (10). th e a tre com panies fo r young people. (1 1 ). N a tio n a l Y o u th T h e a tre and (1 2 ). Y o u n g V ic C om pany in Lo nd on are am ong them. T h is guidebook g ives you in fo rm a tio n about W a s h in g to n, D.C. H e re you can fin d (1 ). tex ts about a ll the m useum s o f (2 ). c ity. F o r exam ple, on (3 ). page 56 you can read about (4 ). N a tio n a l M useum o f A m e rica n H is to ry and (5 ). some o th e r m useum s as w e ll. C h ild re n o ften go to (6 ). N a tu ra l H is to ry M useum w h ere th e y spend hours The N a tio n a l A ir learn in g about how life developed on (7 ). and Space M useum p lan et. A n o th e r m ust fo r (8 ). v is ito r to W a s h in g to n, D.C. is (9 ). N a tio n a l A ir and Space M useum, p o ssib ly (1 0 ). m ost p o p u lar o f W a s h in g to n s m useums and (1 1 ). m ost v is ite d m useum o f (1 2 ). w o rld.

10 DO IT ON YOUR OWN S t e p 2 El Щ Use past simple or past perfect to complete the sentences. 1) M any B ritis h c ritic s w rote that The King s Speech (to be) the best film of the year They (say) it (m ark) the reb irth of the B ritis h film in d u stry. 2) Jo h n was sure that film -m akers (to use) the press to sell th e ir product to the public. 3) A lic e answered that she re a lly (to enjoy) the m ovie. 4) The film d irecto r said he (to m ake) a fun n y comedy. 5) W e mentioned that we (already to buy) tickets. Find in the text "How It All Began" the word combinations antonymic to the following. Example: it died p it was born 1) A t the beginning; 2) the last show; 3) fin a lly ; 4) common film theatres; 5) slow ly developed; 6) disappeared from the screen; 7) silen t film s. Write these in English. 1) Вели ки е достиж ения; 2) знам енитый кинорежиссёр; 3) соверш ить преступление; 4) гул ять где угодно; 5) в границах (вн утр и ) государства; 6) тихая ночь; 7) ш ирокий экран; 8) быстро расти. I B Write 8 sentences with the word combinations from exercise 10. S t e p 2 DO IT TOGETHER D A. Listen to the text about Charlie Chaplin, (43), and complete the following statements. 1) C h arlie C haplin. a) played in film s b) directed film s c) was both an actor and a film d irecto r 2) Chaplin s firs t perform ance came when he was. a) a v e ry young boy b) a teenager c) a young man 3) C haplin. a) was born in the U S b) moved to the U S c) loved the U S

11 4) Chaplin s firs t film s were a) short sound dramas b) long silen t tragedies c) short silen t comedies 5) C haplin d id n t make the film. a) The C ircus A n im a ls b) C ity Lig h ts c) M odern Tim es 3. Listen to a piece of music by Charlie Chaplin, A (44), and say what you associate it with. Read the word combinations and sentences. an im portant achievem ent a personal achievem ent a cu ltu ral achievem ent a film d irecto r a theatre d irecto r a m usical director on the screen a wide screen to come to the screen w ith in a month w ith in a year w ith in the next hour to commit a crim e to solve a crim e to report a crim e to develop rap id ly to produce rap id ly to grow rapidly to grow silen t to become silen t to keep silen t w ith in the city w ith in the U K w ith in the garden w alls I ll meet you anywhere you say. H e says he can liv e anywhere in this cou ntry. S it anywhere you like. I tried to fin d th a t book but couldn t see it anywhere. A. Read the text and complete it with the word combinations (a h). Give the text a name. I a) the home of the A m erican film in d u stry I b) who live d on the farm near I c) a great success 1 d) in the ea rly 1890s I e) to make film s I f ) and a ll his actors 1 g) w ith an in v ita tio n to v is it a farm I h) build a film studio

12 W h y do m any A m erican film companies have offices and studios in H ollyw ood, C a lifo rnia? Do you know it a ll started (1). The A m erican film in d u stry began (2). in N ew Y o rk, the fin a n cia l cap ital of A m e rica. The in d u stry developed v e ry q u ick ly as the technology developed. The firs t film s were black and w h ite and silen t. A s d irectors learnt more about film in g, they made longer and longer film s. L a ter came colour m ovies we see today. B u t in the old days, when the firs t film s appeared, people made them in sm all studios or in the streets. Then, in 1907, a producer in Chicago was m aking a film called The Count of Monte Cristo, and p art of the film was set at the seaside. H e d id n t w ant to (3). w hich looked lik e a seaside, he wanted a real th in g. The producer had a frien d (4). the sm all tow n of H ollyw ood. This frien d had in vite d the producer to v is it him. So the producer took all his film crew (5). w ith him and they made part of the film at the seaside near Hollywood. The film was (6). A fte r that m any film companies came to H ollyw ood (7). The town got bigger and bigger and m any studios were b uilt. H ollywood became (8). a Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about films and film making. Report what your partner has said. Example: A nn, have you seen, a lot of film s? A nn said (told me) that she had seen a lot of film s lately. A. 1) Have you seen many films lately? 2) W hat films were they? 3) Did you enjoy watching them? B. 1) Did you go to the cinema last week? 2) To what cinema house did you go? 3) How long did it take you to get there? C. 1) Did you see any comedies last month? 2) With whom did you watch the film? 3) Did you enjoy the actors? Обратите внимание на изменения, которые происходят в глагольных формах при переводе предложений из прямой речи в косвенную, если глагол, который вводит прямую речь, используется в past simple. Kevin said: "I have been writing a play for a week". Kevin explained he had been writing a play for a week. Alice asked Bob: "How long have you been directing the film? Alice wondered how long Bob had been directing the film. Alice asked Bob how long he had been directing the film. В придаточных предложениях present perfect progressive переходит в past perfect progressive.

13 A group of pupils are staging a play. They have come to their teacher to say what they have been doing. Report what they say. Example: T i m a n d Sarah: W e have been decorating the hall since last Tuesday. Tim and Sarah explained that they had been decorating the hall since the previous Tuesday. 1) A 1 i с e: I have been w riting invitation cards fo r several days. 2) Ja n e and Robert: W e have been m aking scenery fo r two weeks. 3) Rebecca: I have been selling tickets for a week already. 4) S i m о n: I have been learning my p art for a month. 5) Fred and Lizzy: W e have been in vitin g our classmates and teachers to the perform ance since last W ednesday. 6) W e n d y and Max: W e have been m aking g ifts fo r the actors for several days. 7) A n d r e w: I have been draw ing pictures fo r the perform ance since last Frid a y. 13 S t e p 2 Describe1 a good modern cinema house. Here are some ideas. big hall com fortable seats wide screen good sound equipment equipment for showing film s in 3D2 several shows a day box office that works long hours tickets w hich are not too expensive booking tickets3 through the Internet drinks and refreshments in the foyer Work in pairs. Invite your friend to go to the cinema. Together decide: where to go; w hat film to see; w hich show you prefer: m orning, afternoon or evening. DO IT OIU YOUR OWN This is what Julia, a famous actress, said about herself in an interview. Report it in writing. Example: Ju lia said she had always liked cinema. 1 to describe описывать 2 3D [.Ork'cli:] = 3-dimentional [dai'menjonl] 3 to book tickets заказывать билеты

14 Ju lia : I have always liked cinema. I think I have been watching my fa vo u rite film s since m y e a rly years. A t the age of ten I received m y firs t p art in a film. A t this moment I m preparing fo r some v e ry im portant fes tiva l. I m going to speak about m y acting career. I have been w ritin g my speech fo r several days. в Compare old and new cinema houses. Use the adjectives in the box in their comparative degree. big, sm all, narrow, wide, com fortable, expensive, modern, good Example". The halls in new cinema houses. The h alls in new cinem a houses are bigger than in old cinemas. 1) The foyers in old cinem a houses. 2) The screens in old cinem as. 3) The screens in new cinem as. 4) The seats in new cinem as. 5) The tickets fo r film s in new cinemas. 6) New cinem a houses are. and. ш Spell these words. 1) [a'tjkvmant] 3) [skri:n] 5) ['eniwea] 7) [di'rekta] 2) [kraim ] 4) [wi'5in] 6) ['sailant] 8) [ raepidli] Get ready to speak about a visit to the cinema. Mention: w hat cinem a it was; who was w ith you; w hat film you watched; where w ere yo u r seats; if you had any refreshm ents; if you enjoyed the v is it and why (or why not). Step 3 DO IT TOGETHER Listen to five people (1 5) speaking about different films, match what they say with the statements (a f). There is one you don't have to use. Match the statements with the pictures. a) The speaker says that the film is about H ollyw ood. b) The speaker explains that the film is not a talk ie. c) The speaker talks about a m usical. d) The speaker explains that the film is about prehistoric anim als. e) The speaker says that he has seen the film two tim es. f) The speaker talks about a Russian film. (45), and statement

15 Say what questions the pupils asked at the meeting with Brian Kelly, a Hollywood actor. Exam ple: M ark wondered how long B rian had been w orking in cinema. Mark: How long have you been w orking in the cinem a? 1) Lin d a wanted to know if B ria n had ever taken p art in film festiva ls in Cannes [kaen], France. 2) D iana asked if B ria n him self often went to the cinema. 3) Greg asked if B rian had been keeping to a diet of fru it and vegetables. 4) Susan wanted to know when B rian had been to the theatre last. 5) Ja c k wondered w ith how many directors B ria n had worked. 6) K evin asked who B ria n s favourite director was. 7) Ju lie wanted to know when B rian had begun his career. 8) Sarah asked if B rian was going to v is it some European countries. 9) Sam wondered in how m any film s B rian had appeared.

16 При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную обратите внимание на следующее: если глагол в главном предложении употребляется в простом прошедшем времени, то вспомогательные глаголы will и shall, образующие будущее время, изменяются соответственно на would и should: John said: "I w ill have an advantage over Bob." John said he would have an advantage over Bob. W e said: "W e shall go to the cinema." W e said we should go to the cinema. future simple future-in-the-past future simple future-in-the-past Report w hat they said. Use the verbs from the box. wondered, thought, w anted (to know ), asked, said E xam ple: Je n n y : I ll play the c e n tra l p a rt in a new film. Je n n y thought she w ould p lay the cen tral p art in a new film. 1) P e t e r: W h a t film w ill you see at the Odeon? 2) J о h n: H ecto r, w ill you appear in th is com edy? 3) V a 1: I sh all go to the cinem a in the evening. 4) R о b e r t: Ja n e, w ill you b u y tic k e ts fo r The Sounds of M u sic? 5) M r Cook: W e s h a ll h ave o u r seats in the s ta lls. 6 ) M r s Cook: I am su re o u r d au g h ter w o n t lik e th is film. 7) M r s E van s: W h e re s h a ll w e m eet? 8) M i s s Fox: W h o w ill p la y in th is com edy? A. Listen, fife (46), and read the words and phrases that can help you to speak about films. Good impression1 powerfull сильны й moving трогательны й thrilling волную щ ий gripping захваты ваю щ ий enjoyable п р и я тн ы й a hit хит, успеш н ы й ф ильм a blockbuster кассовы й ф ильм, блокбастер Bad impression Words slow затян уты й boring ск учн ы й shallow поверхностный silly глуп ы й violent ж е сто к и й, сод ерж ащ ий сцены насилия Phrases The film is good fu n. Ф и л ьм интересный (весёлы й ). I enjoyed every m inute of it. The film leaves a deep im pression. Ф и л ьм оставляет глубокое впечатлен и е. The film is a flop. Ф и л ьм провалился. I t is so-so. О н т а к себе. 1 an im pression [im prejn] впечатление

17 W a tch in g th is film is a waste of tim e. Смотреть этот ф ильм попросту тер ять время. The film has an in terestin g message. Ф и л ьм содержит интересные идеи. The actors p laying is fan tastic. The d irector s work is original. The film is a h it w ith the public. Ф ильм пользуется успехом у публ и ки. В. W hat can these people say about the film they are watching? Ш 1) Andrew 2) Jo h n 3) Ja c k 4) N ick 5) D avid Say the same in one word. Som ething that moves you is (1 ). th rills you is (2 ). doesn t move fast is (3 ). keeps you interested is (4 ). has a lot of crim e and blood is (5 ). doesn t have any in terestin g ideas is (6) is popular w ith the public is a (7 ).. is u n interestin g is (8 ). is not clever is (9). is pleasant is (10). Say what film you have lately seen is a) pow erful; f) slow; b) g ripping; g) boring; c) m oving; h) shallow ; d) good fu n ; i) vio len t; e) a h it w ith a public. j) a flop. Think of three films you've seen and say what you think of them. Use the words and phrases from exercise 4. DO IT ON YOUR OWN Report what the children said in writing. Bob: I w ill go to see a b allet next Sunday. Helen: Sid, w ill you jo in us? Sally: W h a t p lay w ill they perform? H arris: W ill you help me, P a u l? Chris: I w on t go to the circus w ith you.

18 в ишшт Spell these words. 1) ['gnpirj] 3) [hit] 5) ['vaialant] 7) [flop] 2) ['Gnlirj] 4) ['bldkbasta] 6) ['Jaelau] 8) ['mu:viq] Pair up the antonyms from the boxes. Write the pairs down. boring clever peace fin ally kind fast moving deep a flop slow violent gripping s illy w ar a h it firs t shallow Give the English for the following word combinations. 1) Трогательная история; 2) захватывающие события; 3) глубокое впечатление; 4) игра актёра; 5) жестокое поведение; 6) пустая трата времени; 7) важная идея; 8) поверхностный ответ. Step 4 DO IT TOGETHER Listen, (47), to the dialogues (1 4) and say where these talks (a e) take place. There is one statement you don't have to use. a) The dialogue takes place in the circus. b) The dialogue takes place at the theatre. c) The dialogue takes place in the box-office. d) The dialogue takes place outside the cinema house. e) The dialogue takes place at home. You know the words in column A. Read the sentences (1 10) and say what the words in column В mean. A. achievem ent im pression silent rap idly a screen B. to achieve to impress silence rapid to screen 1) The Russian hockey players have achieved really great results. 2) He is one of the actors who has achieved real success in Hollywood. 3) W h a t im pressed me was the w ay they solved th eir everyday problems. 4) This

19 is not the film to im press the public. 5) W h en I answered the phone, there was dead silence (= no sound at all). 6) The ow l s cry broke the silence in the forest. 7) W e see a rapid growth in the use of the In te r net. 8) The resu lt of the reform is a rap id change of the national industry. 9) To screen means to make a film of some lite ra ry work. 10) W hen did they screen W a r and Peace by Leo Tolstoy? mwa bene Я Щ m m -n-п-- i rrn гт-тгтпгттгггттттгппчгппггшмипиn--тгпггггп ^П равила согласования времён не соблюдаются, если глагол в главном предложении используется в форме прошедшего времени (said, explained, thought, added, etc.), а в придаточном предложении а) речь идёт об общеизвестной истине, фактах не требующих доказательств: Не said that the Earth is round. I explained to little Ann that the sun sets in the west. б) указывается конкретная дата события: John said he left school in в) используются модальные глаголы must, should, ought (to): I thought you must visit her. He said I should be more careful. Read the sentences and explain in Russian the use of the verb forms in the clauses1. 1) I didn t know when P a tric ia was born. 2) He said the Am erican film industry began in 1890s in New York. 3) M y m other told me I ought to see the doctor. 4) The teacher explained to his pupils that the E a rth is m oving round 1 the Sun. 5) H e was not sure th a t there are fo u r oceans in the w orld. 6) Jacob thought that the Lake D istrict is in Scotland though it is situ ated in England. 7) M y older brother said W o rld W a r I I began in ) He said he didn t know when the firs t Russian film appeared. Read the text. Use the necessary forms of the words on the right to complete it. A s you know H ollywood is the home of the A m erican film industry. Hollywood (1 ). an ideal clim ate and different places to make film s. They are much (2 ). than m any others. Y ou can fin d deserts, h ills and m ountains, sm all seaside towns and the city of Los Angeles there. Since the 1920s thousands of directors (3 ). th eir film s in this place. Now adays H ollywood is (4 ). than ever. Y ou can w atch film s of its studios in a ll p arts of the world. B u t these days film -m akers prefer (5 ). crews to real places to make film s there, and many studios (6 ). in Hollywood. W hatever2 the future (7 ). we ll remember Hollywood as the centre of the Am erican film industry. offer good make pop ular send close, bring 1 a clause [klo:z] придаточное предложение 2 whatever [WDt'eva] что бы ни

20 Read the texts and match the names of these actors and actresses with the information about them. a) Y u ri N ik u lin b) C harlie Chaplin c) Lubov Orlova d) M arilyn Monroe e) Je a n M arais f ) Sophia Loren l^maerilm шэп'гэи] [,за:пш а:'геэ] [sau,fi:a 'b:ren] 1) H e was born in 1889 in Eng lan d and lived a long life. H e was a film actor and d irecto r who worked a lo t in the U S A in silen t black-andw h ite comedy film s. H is favo u rite role was that of a tram p1 w earing fu n n y clothes and w alkin g in a fu n n y w ay. D u rin g his life he was very popular w ith the public. He died in ) She is a b eau tifu l Ita lia n actress. She was born in D u rin g her w ork in cinem a she was a real film star and had won several A cad emy Aw ards2. 3) T his R u ssian actor was born in H e was at the fro n t d uring the Second W o rld W a r. Sin ce 1950 he began to w ork in the circus as a clow n. H e became a popular film actor in his cou ntry. A lo t o f people remember him fo r his comic and tragicom ic parts. 4) She is an A m erican film actress, born in 1926, whose real name is Norm a Je a n Baker. She played a number of characters in m any successful film s. She was a perfect example of a H ollywood studio star. She had a tragic life and died at the age of 36. Since her death in terest in her life has on ly grown. 5) H e is a popular Fren ch actor who was born in 1913 and died in H e starred in a lo t of popular film s. Prob ab ly cinem agoers remem ber the parts of Monte C risto and Phantom as best. 6) She was born in R u ssia in 1902 and died in She played in one of M oscow theatres but appeared both on screen and stage. She played central parts in the film s The Spring, The Circus and Volga-Volga. 1 a tramp [traemp] бродяга 2 an Academy Award [a^aedami a'wa:d] награда Академии киноискусства

21 A. Listen, (48), and read the names of some popular types of films. Types of Films an ad venture [sd'ventja] film приклю ченческий фильм a th r ille r триллер a crim e film детектив an actio n ['aekjn] film фильм в жанре «экш н» a w estern ф ильм в жанре «вестерн» a w a r film военный фильм a psychological [,saika1loc^ikl] dram a психологическая драма a comedy комедийный ф ильм a h o rro r ['1тгэ] film ф ильм ужасов a m u sical м ю зикл a science fic tio n [,saians 'fikfn], sci-fi ['sa^fai] ф антастический ф ильм a fam ily film ф ильм для семейного просмотра a docum entary [^Dkju'm entri] film д окум ентальны й фильм a cartoon [ka:'tu:n] мультф ильм В. Think of several films you've seen and say to which types they belong. Look at the pictures and name the types of these films.

22 DO IT ON YOUR OWN Match the types of these films with their descriptions1. 1) A film w ith lots of music and dance. a) a horror film 2) A film about cowboys and life in the b) a crim e film W ild W e st. 3) A film about crim inals and detectives. c) a comedy 4) A film in which terrib le and frightening2 d) a western things happen. e) a m usical 5) A film about space tra ve ls or life in f) a science fictio n an im aginary3 future. film (a sci-fi) 6) A funny film w ith a happy ending. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. achieved, im press, silence, screen, rapid 1) Jo h n m entioned the. development of new technologies in the film in d u stry. 2) I don t thin k this science fic tio n film can. you. 3) The two actors were looking at each other in. 4) The republic. its in dependence in the middle of the previous century. 5) A famous H o llywood director is going to. one of Je ffre y A rch er s stories. 0 3 Spell these words. 1) ['fmra] 4) [ad'ventja] 7) [^aika'lod^ikl] 2) [.ddkju'mentri] 5) ['Grila] 8) ['westanl 3) [ka:'tu:n] 6) ['aekjn] Ш Get ready to speak about the type of films you like to watch. Mention: what type of film it is; which of them you think is the why you like such film s; best; what film s of this type you who the director of the film is; have seen; what actors play in the film. Step 5 DO IT TOGETHER D Listen to the text, it. (49), and say which of the facts is not mentioned in 1) A t firs t the W illcoxes bought two lemon farm s near Los Angeles. 2) The W illcoxes called the land they had bought Hollywood. 1 a description [di'skripjn] описание 2 frightening ['fraitamq] пугающий 3 imaginary [I'maedjinri] воображаемый

23 3) U n til 1910, audiences did not know the names of th eir favourite actors and actresses. 4) Good weather attracted film -m akers to C alifornia. 5) Actors and actresses didn t talk in the firs t film s. TRADE MARK Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 20th C entury Fox U niversal Pictures Param ount P ictu res Columbia P ictu res In d u stries, In c. W a rn e r Bros. [Ъглбэг] A. Read and say what types of films they are. Exam ple: A comedy is a film that trie s to make the audience laugh. 1) A comedy 2) A th rille r 3) A rom antic comedy 4) A drama 5) A cartoon 6) A n action film 7) A fam ily film 8) A h istorical film a) any serious film b) a film w hich is a love sto ry and a comedy c) a film th a t parents and children enjoy w atching together d) a costume dram a about real historical events e) a film where characters are not people f ) a film w ith a lot of fights g) a film th a t makes you th rille d, often about a crim e h ) a film th a t trie s to make the audience laugh B, Answer these questions. 1) W h a t action film s have you seen la te ly? 2) A re you fond of horror film s? W h y? W h y n o t? 3) Sherlock Holm es [j3:ldk'haumz] is one of the world-famous characters of crim e film s. Do you know any others? 3) A re psychological dramas popular now adays? 4) W h y do you th in k they are (aren t )? 5) W h o do you th in k prefers to w atch science fictio n film s more: men or women, young people or those who are older than six ty? 6) Can you call the film about Robinson Crusoe an adventure film? W h y? W h y not? 7) W h a t adventure film s have you seen or heard of? 8) Can you give the titles of some th rille rs?

24 В Listen, ю (50), and read. 24 M S t e p 5 agree [a'gri:] соглашаться applaud [a'pbd] аплодировать atten tive [a'tentiv] внимательный besides [bi'saidz] кроме, кроме того, помимо cheap [t i:p] дешёвый p rice [prais] цена rise [raiz] подниматься seem [si:m] казаться a t la st [st'laist] наконец agree: to agree w ith somebody, to agree to do something, to agree w ith somebody (on/about) something, to agree to a plan/an idea/an offer. Do you thin k Jo h n w ill agree w ith us? W e agreed to leave at once. I t s a fantastic m ovie, isn t it? I couldn t agree more. (=1 quite agree w ith you.) applaud: to applaud somebody, to applaud loudly/w arm ly/wildly. The audience applauded the actors w ild ly. W e a ll got to our feet and applauded the speech. atten tive: to be attentive to somebody or something; an attentive listen er, an attentive student. Our fam ily doctor is friendly and very attentive. Be atten tive to your younger brothers and sisters, besides: I don t like the jacket, besides i t s too expensive. There are a lot of rivers in England besides the Thames. cheap: cheap food, cheap clothes, cheap tickets. I think that cinema tick ets should be cheaper. price: the price of something, low and high prices, to buy something at a low price. W h a t s the price of these apples? They bought their television at h a lf price. She has become very successful, but at what price? rise (rose, risen ): to rise rap id ly, to rise reg u larly. Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east. The cu rtain rose and we saw some beautiful scenery on the stage. seem: to seem nice, to seem good, to seem to somebody. It seems rather cold today. It seems to me that the weather is going to change, at last: A t last we got the answer we wanted to get. A t last means the same as finally. В Match the words in the two columns and complete the sentences. j agree tickets fo r the film applauded attentive enough cheap fo r th eir words price rose into the a ir plane j to send the students besides the actors seemed loudly 1) The. and then disappeared in the clouds. 2) The school w ill never. abroad w ithout teachers. 3) I would like to buy ten. 4) D id you speak to anyone. 5) The audience. and I understood the p erformance was a real success. 6) The children. to what th eir teacher was saying. 7) They have paid a very high.

25 A. Think of w hat these proverbs may mean. Choose the right variant. 1) B e s t is cheapest. ^ a ) Cheap thin gs are b etter than expensive things. b ) Good th in g s serve lo n g er, so in the long ru n 1 th e y save y o u r m oney. c ) I t s alw ays b etter to buy cheap things. 2) B ird s in th e ir little nests agree. a ) B ird s alw ays liv e p eacefully. b) People m ust agree not to k ill birds or destroy th e ir nests. c ) If you w ant to be happy, you m ust liv e together in harm ony. 3) Things are seldom w h at th ey seem. a ) W h a t you see doesn t alw ays te ll you the tru th, look deeper. b ) Y ou can never be sure of w hat you see. c) Things often seem to be b etter than th ey are. 4 ) A th in g th a t you don t w ant is dear at an y p rice. a ) D on t buy things th a t are dear (expensive) in th e ir price. b) D on t buy thin gs th a t are cheap in th e ir price. c ) D on t buy thin gs you don t need even if th ey are cheap. r B. Which of these proverbs do you agree with? Tell a brief story to illustrate one of them. BtaJtane. Некоторые имена прилагательные образуют степени сравнения особым образом. К ним относятся, например, такие единицы, как late (поздний) и old (старый). later (более поздний) latest (последний, очередной; 1. la te ^ ^ ^ последний на настоящий момент) ^ latter ['laetaj (последний из двух упомянутых) last (самый последний, больше не будет) Let's take a later train. Pete and his friend came in. The former2 was short. The latter was very tall. W hat is the latest movie by Nikita Mikhalkov? August is the last summer month. 2. Обратите внимание на различие в употреблении артикля с прилагательным last: last the last (прошлый по времени) (последний по порядку) last year в прошлом году the last house on the left last month в прошлом месяце the last question in the exam paper last week на прошлой неделе the last month of the year last summer прошлым летом the last bus 3. old older the oldest (о людях и предметах) elder the eldest (только о людях, как правило, о членах семьи) 1 in the long run в конечном итоге 2 former [ fo:ma] первый из двух упомянутых

26 This oak is the oldest tree in the garden. Jane is my older (elder) sister. Granny is the oldest (eldest) member of the family. 4. При сравнении используются слова older и oldest, но не elder и eldest. Jane is two years older than Jack. Mr Davis is the oldest member of the club. Translate these sentences into Russian. 1) She alw ays dresses in the latest fashion. 2) W h a t tim e does the last bus leave? 3) December is the last m onth of the year. 4) The teacher told us about the latest elections1 in this cou ntry. 5) W e ve read two books this m onth A lic e in W ond erlan d and M a tild a. A s to me, the la tter was more in terestin g. 6) This poem belongs to his la te r works. 7) He did w ell in both schoolwork and sport and won some medals in the latest football m atches. 8) H is latest film is v e ry sad. 9) M y Old Frien d s was Jo sep h s la st w ork. H e w rote the book ju s t before he died. 10) It happened on the last day of Novem ber. Choose the appropriate words to complete the sentences. In two sentences both words are possible. 1) I bought the (la te st/la st) copy of tod ay s paper. There were no more in the kiosk. 2) H is (la st/la te st) words before he died were: The rest is silence. 3) M y uncle is the (oldest/eldest) member of m y fam ily. 4) D o. you know that M r W e s t s (older/elder) daughter is an actress? 5) W h a t is the (la st/la te st) day of the week? 6) W h a t do you thin k about his (la st/la te st) p lay? Does Jo h n him self lik e it? 7) The school b uildin g is (older/elder) than a ll the other buildings in th is street. 8) W h a t is the (la st/la te st) news2? 9) I haven t read K itty 's (la st/la te st) p lay, but I know w hat she is w orking on now. 10) M y frie n d s (elder/older) brother is not in R u ssia now. DO IT ON YOUR OWN Use the appropriate forms of the words on the right to complete the text. M el Gibson, a famous Am erican actor, never (1 ). about that profession thin k when he was a child. H is real dream (2 ). to become a journalist. B u t his be (3 ). sister said he (4 ). a v e ry old, be good actor. She (5 ). his name down p ut fo r the Academ y and they (6 ). him. choose Now M el Gibson is one of the (7 ). good world-famous actors. 1 elections [ilekjnz] выборы 2 news [nju:z] новости

27 Use the words from the box and complete the sentences. a tten tiv e, agreed, applauded, p rice s, cheap, p rice, besides, seem, seem s, cheaper 1) I hope th a t the. on food w on t rise too high. 2) These shoes are expensive. th ey are too sm all. 3) W e a ll. the d ire cto r s plan to g ive the film a happy ending. 4) W h a t. did th ey pay fo r the house? 5) The pupils w ere v e ry. when the teacher was speaking. 6) I don t lik e th is dress: it looks. and old-fashioned. 7) H e. to v is it us some day and read his poems. 8) T h in people alw ays. to be ta lle r than th ey re a lly are. 9) Cinem a tick ets fo r m orning shows are u su a lly. than tick ets fo r evening perform ances. 10) It. lik e years since I la st saw you. Ш Spell these words. 1) [bi'saidz] 3) [si:m ] 5) [prais] 7) [a'tentiv] 2) [a'g ri:] 4) [tji:p ] 6) [raiz] 8) [a'p b :d ] [ Q W rite these word combinations in English. 1) В прош лом году; 2) последний день недели; 3) п о след н яя к н и га (автор ж и в ); 4 ) п о след н яя к н и га (авто р а нет в ж и в ы х ); 5) мой стар ш и й брат; 6) старш е, чем я ; 7) сам ы й старш ий член сем ьи ; 8) мой сам ы й старш ий брат; 9) сам ы й старш ий учен и к в классе. Step 6 DO IT TOGETHER D Listen, ^ (51), and say which of the following is true, false or not stated in the text. 1) The tw o frien d s w ent to the cinem a every Sa tu rd ay afternoon. 2) Once th ey decided to w atch a new film. 3) T h e y w anted to look o ld er tha n th e ir age because the film was not fo r young c h ild ren. 4) B o th boys put on unusual clothes. 5) In the tic k e t o ffic e th e y asked N ic k about h is age. 6) The boys w atched a fu n n y film. 7) They both enjoyed the film a lo t. 8 ) The s to ry te lle r d id n t fin d the film q u ite f i t 1 fo r th e c h ild re n s age. 1 fit подходящий

28 Read these word combinations. a tten tive eyes atten tive ears an a tten tive audience a high price a low price a h a lf price to seem pleasant to seem curious to seem expensive to happen at last to fin ish at last to fin d at last to applaud the singer to applaud the speech to applaud the actors cheap clothes cheap goods cheap tickets to agree to w atch a film to agree to p lay in one team to agree to stu dy more a sto ry and a poem besides a s k irt and two blouses besides a cup of coffee and a sandwich besides You know the words in column A. Read the sentences (1 8) and say what the meanings of the words in column В are. atten tive applaud price attention applause priceless p ricy/p ricey 1) M ay I, please, have your attention, gentlem en? said the lecturer. 2) W h a t firs t caught m y a tten tio n was his voice. 3) There was a storm of applause when the performance ended. 4) H is speech got a lot of applause. 5) He has a priceless collection of draw ings. 6) The in fo rm ation they sent to us was rea lly priceless. Now we knew w hat to do and where to go. 7) M um says m y new clothes are too p ricey, but I don t th in k tw en ty dollars is too much fo r a blouse. 8) The car we have bought is not cheap, but it is not v e ry p ricey eith er. Men and women have different tastes in films. Look at the diagram and comment on it using the phrases from the box. I understand from the ch art th a t. I m surprised to see th at. I find it interesting th at. It s d iffic u lt to believe th at. The most unusual thing is th at. I quite agree th at.

29 T yp es of film s action ^ horror < psychological J drama > comedy musical ^ ЩВДЩ1ЩЩЙЙт1 Шп1 Ш тш cartoon science fiction Шрщцвнрнр! 11ШЯ1И НШ men li; women A. Read the text and match the titles below (a e) with its four paragraphs. There is one title you don't have to use. 29 St e p 6 I a) W h y W e G o to th e C inem a b) H o w C inem a B eg an I c) W h e re W e W a tc h F ilm s I d ) C inem a W a s the G rea t W o rld o f F a n tas y I e) Tastes D iffe r1 Let s Go to the Cinema! 1) T od ay it is possible to b u y a vid eo and w a tch a film a t home, b u t m illio n s o f people a ll o ve r the w o rld s t ill p refer to go to th e ir tow n o r c ity cin em a fo r a n ig h t o u t. A n d b efore tele v is io n a rriv e d in people s homes, a v is it to th e cin em a w as som ething re a lly sp ecial and tru ly w onderful. 2) The G old en A g e o f film -m ak in g and going to the cinem a w as betw een 1930 and F ilm s ta rs seemed lik e k in g s and queens. C inem as w ere p ic tu re palaces w h ere, fo r the p ric e o f a tic k e t, you could fin d y o u rs e lf in a m ag ical w o rld. In th a t w o rld a n y th in g and e v e ry th in g was possible. 3) N ow adays cinem a audiences are m uch sm aller and u s u a lly young er than the audiences of the Golden A ge. M any of the p icture palaces are now m ultiscreen cinem as w ith fo u r or fiv e sm all cinem as inside one b u ild in g. T o d ay s film s appear on vid eo, and then on T V a fte r cinem a audiences have seen them. B u t some film s don t look so good on T V, th e y need a large screen and only then you can re a lly enjoy them. T elevision can t do it. Y o u m ay agree o r disagree w ith it, b u t fo r m any people the cinem a is s till the o n ly place to w atch a film. Besid es, the cin em a is the o n ly place w h ere you can w atch a brand-new2 film b efore y o u r frie n d s do it and decide if you lik e it. 1 Tastes differ. = О вкусах не спорят. 2 brand-new = new and completely unused

30 4) O f course, everyone has th e ir own favo u rite kinds of film s action film s or th rille rs, comedies, psychological dramas, science fictio n, adventure and crim e film s, horror film s or m usicals. B u t cinema is always in the focus of our attention; it th rills, entertains and educates us. B. Listen, ^ (52), and read the text aloud. Read the text "Let's Go to the Cinema" again and find in it the words and word combinations which mean: 1) an evening when you go out to a cinem a, theatre or p arty. 2) a period of tim e when the best works of cinema industry appeared. 3) a well-known actor or actress in cinema pictures. 4) money you pay fo r a tick et. 5) a place which is strange, w onderful and enjoyable. 6) film goers. 7) having a few screens. 8) the film that has ju st appeared on the screen. 9) film s that tell a very exciting story, usually of crim e or adventure. 10) funny film s which end happily. 11) film s about im ag in ary fu tu re events and characters, often about travellin g to other planets. 12) film s where terrib le and dangerous things happen, such as dead people coming to life. 13) film s w ith spoken words, songs and often dances. Прилагательные far (далёкий) и near (близкий), также как late и old, образуют степени сравнения иначе, чем остальные прилагательные: farther further 1. far * farthest furthest Указание на расстояние Vladivostok is farther/further away from Moscow. My house is the farthest/furthest from the station. Указание на дополнение For further information, see Page 2. Any further questions? That's a further reason to do it. further improvement улучшение further education образование further notice уведомление дальнейшее дальнейшее дальнейшее

31 2. near nearer nearest (ближайший, самый близкий) next (следующий по порядку, соседний) nearest next Where is the nearest cinema? The next train to London is at 10 a.m. The nearest house to ours is We'll watch this film at the next lesson. 2 miles away. But. in the near future в ближайшем будущем next door по соседству, рядом (in the house next door) next-door соседний (in the next-door house) A. Choose the right forms to complete the sentences. In some sentences you can use both the forms. 1) W h a t do you thin k of your (fu rth e r/ farth e r) education? 2) He lives fou r m iles (fu rth e r/ farth e r) away from the cinem a than I do. 3) W e have no (fu rth er/ farth er) inform ation. C all us later, please. 4) The hosp ital is (fu rth e r/ farth e r) from the school than the park. 5) They agreed to meet in the (farth e st/fu rth e st) corner of the park. 6) I wonder w hat her (farth e r/ fu rth e r) explanation is going to be. 7) The h u n ter s house is on the (fu rth e r/ farth e r) shore of the lake. 8) H ave you any (fu rth e r/ farth er) questions? B. Choose the right forms to complete the sentences. 1) Two passengers talking on the bus: W h a t s the (nearest/next) stop? 2) W e ll have to w alk to the (nearest/next) shop, I m afraid. 3) H ow do you u su ally get to the (nearest/next) underground statio n? 4) Do you know the name of your (nearest/next)-door neighbour? 5) Excuse me, w here is the (nearest/next) telephone box? 6) W h a t is your (nearest/ next) question? 7) P e te r lives (nearest/next) to the school of a ll of us. 8) W e have to hu rry if we want to catch the (nearest/next) bus to L iv erpool. DO IT ON YOUR OWN Some of these sentences have mistakes. Find the sentences and correct the mistakes. 1) M y best friend lives next door to me and we go to school together. 2) Excuse me, where is the next bus stop? 3) The cinema is a b it farth er on along this road, next to the bank. 4) The nearest train to S a in t Petersbu rg leaves at ) Farth er education is the education you get after leaving school. 6) They think the Sun goes round the Earth. W h a t next? 7) I f you trave l farth e r north, you w ill be able to see some v e ry b eautiful places of w ild nature. 8) I f we w ant to see a new film, m y friend s and I go to the next cinem a. 9) W h at are they going to do in the nearest future? 10) W h ich is fu rth er from here: the cinema house or the circus?

32 Complete the sentences with the words from the box. attentive, attention, applaud, applause, prices, priceless, p ricy 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) In our superm arket you w ill fin d some Some ch ild ren love to be the centre of. I can t buy this game, it s too. To clap your hands is the same as to. These books have been in the fam ily for m any years. Fo r us they are. The audience gave the fam ous actor a storm of. I f you aren t. yo u ll m iss the most interesting episode in the film. Change the words on the right to complete the text. of the best. in town. ED K irs ten D unst (1 ). in film s since she was three but Spiderman fans know her as P e te r P a rk e r s g irlfrie n d. F irs t she (2 ). to p lay the role of M a ry Ja n e. W h en a jo u rnalist asked her w hat she (3 ). of the character, she said th a t M a ry Ja n e was great but she (4). playing her in Spiderman 2 where she fin a lly gets m arried. Wimbledon is another popular film w ith K irs ten. This is a romantic comedy. H e r character, a tennis player, (5 ). in love w ith another athlete. T h e ir love (6 ). him (7 ). and (8 ). them both v e ry happy. be n o t w a n t th in k p refer fa ll h elp, w in, m ake Get ready to speak about a film star you like. Mention the following: where he/she comes from ; when he/she started appearing in film s; some of the most successful parts he/she played; your favourite film w ith this actor and why you like it. Step 7 DO IT TOGETHER A, Listen to the text about four films, 6J) (53), and match the film numbers (1 4) with the statements below (a eh One statement you don't have to use. I a) I b) j c) In this film the central character is in great danger. In this film the central character learns an im portant lesson, In this film four people travel through tim e and space.

33 d) In this film fo u r children help to free a co u n try from its ru le r. i e) In this film its character can do something that other people can t. 3. Have you seen these films? W hat are they? Do you like them? Listen, ^ (54), and read. A. carin g ['keariq] заботливы й, лю бящ ий deserve [di'z3:v] заслуж и вать g ifted ['giftid] одарённый im agine [I'maedjin] воображать, представлять себе im ag in ation [^maedji'neijn] воображение lib ra ry ['laibrari] библиотека m atter ['maeta] 1) дело; 2) проблема, вопрос для обсуждения novel ['ndval] роман punish ['panij] н аказывать B. caring: a caring teacher, loving and caring parents. He is a good fa th er because he is so caring. C aring teachers can make a differen ce. It is a great school because there are so m any caring people there, deserve: to deserve a holid ay, to deserve a prize. Y o u have worked hard and now you deserve a break. Do you thin k she has deserved w hat she has got in the end? gifted: a g ifted ch ild, to be g ifted in /a t something. She is v e ry g ifted in m usic. H e is v e ry g ifted at m aths. They are v e ry g ifted athletes, im agine: to im agine something, i t s hard/im possible to im agine. I can h ard ly im agine th a t w e ll live there. Y ou don t rea lly im agine I ll agree to that. im ag ination: It is a product of yo u r im agination. It doesn t take great im agination to say what happened next. lib ra ry : a town lib ra ry, a school lib ra ry, to borrow books from a lib ra ry. Y ou can borrow this book from our u n iv e rs ity lib ra ry. The L ib ra ry of Congress in W ashin gto n, D.C. is one of the largest lib raries in the w orld, m atter: a m atter fo r consideration, an im portant m atter. W h a t s the m atter w ith the rad io? It won t turn on. There is nothing the m atter w ith you, you are just tired. novel: an in terestin g novel, a long novel, a novel by Leo Tolstoy. A novel u su ally tells us about d iffere n t places and people like those in real life. punish: to punish a pet, to punish serio usly, to punish somebody fo r something. If you miss at school, the teachers w ill punish you fo r that.

34 Use the prepositions from the box where necessary to complete the sentences. 34 S t e p 7 1) H ave you read any novels. Iv a n Turgenev? 2) E v e ry week I go. the lib ra ry and borrow one or two books. it. 3) I don t thin k there is anything the m atter. her. She sim ply doesn t want to join. us. 4) Young Robinson, I ll punish you. these w ords, said the School Head. 5) I don t th in k she deserves. yo u r love. 6) M y elder broth er is v e ry g ifted. the a rt of draw ing. 7) M y little sister is not v e ry g ifted. maths, but she has got a very rich im agination. Match the words in the two columns and complete the sentences (1 9) with the word combinations. im agine deserve punish g ifted caring m oving school poor im portant her servan t im agination a prize m atter novel lib rary child m y futu re life teachers 1) M y little neighbour is a v e ry. She can easily w rite gripping and m oving stories. 2) Ja n e can t. She has several rather poor m arks in biology. 3) I can t borrow books from our. so far. I haven t given back two novels yet. 4) The cruel old lad y decided to. The la tter was rath e r s illy and d id n t understand w hat he had to do. 5) I rea lly th in k it is an. fo r our consideration, and besides I m ust g ive our answer in two days. 6) The school is re a lly great because lo vin g and. w ork there. 7) I have finished reading the book at last. It is a. w ith a happy ending. 8) H is cousin is a rather shallow boy w ith a. 9) I can t. w ith out you. It seems im possible. A. Read the text and give it a title. W hat do you think the marked words in the text mean? W hat helped you to understand their meanings: a) the way they look and sound, b) the context, c) both? Y esterday I took m y younger sister to the cinem a to see M a tild a. It is a f airly old children s film. I can say it is a fam ily film too because I th in k grown-ups can enjoy it as much as children. The film appeared on the screen in Its d irecto r was D anny D ev ito, a fam ous A m erican actor, who starred [sta:d] in the film. М ага W ils o n played the leading role, th a t of M atild a. D avid Newm an wrote music to the film. M atilda is tru ly enjoyable. It is a g rip ping and m oving film. Y ou love every

35 m inute of it. It is a modern A m erican screen versio n 1 of R oald D ah l s novel of the same name. M a tild a W orm wood (M ara W ils o n ) is a v e ry clever and talented g irl. One of the great things about her is her love of books. H er fa m ily do not understand her and are not interested in her or her wishes. H er fa ther, who sells old cars, refuses to buy her books. M a tild a feels v e ry lonely. A t the age of four she takes m atters in her own hands and begins to v is it the lib ra ry and read lots of books. Though M atild a is too young she asks her parents to send her to school and in the end they agree to do it. A t school quite unusual things begin to happen. M atild a find s out that she can move objects. These w onderful telekinetic powers help her to punish the terrib le and vio len t School Head M iss T runchb ull who terrorizes pupils. In the film M a tild a believes th a t when a person is bad, he or she deserves to get a lesson. There are two types of grown-ups in M a tild a. M r and M rs W orm w ood, the g irl s parents, and the Trun ch b u ll, as the child ren call her, are not pleasant people. They are rather cruel and uncaring. M a tild a s teacher, M iss Je n n ife r H oney, is, by contrast, kind and she q u ick ly discovers M a tild a s intellectual g ifts. The g irl develops a w arm friend sh ip w ith M iss Honey. I th in k M a tild a is one of the best film s I have ever seen. The actors perform ance is fan tastic, the special effects are great, the m usic is nice. B u t the most im portant thing about the film is that it is thought-provoking 2 and helps to develop our im agination and to understand the w orld around us better. B. Listen, ) (55), and read the text aloud. Собирательные имена существительные, такие, как family, government, crew, audience, group, team, в предложении могут употребляться с глаголами в единственном и во множественном числе. Сравните: A. 1. My family is big. (Семья целиком) 2. My family are not interested in sport(s). (Члены семьи) B. 1. The present government hasn't been in power long. (Правительство целиком, орган государственной власти) 2. The Moscow Government usually arrive at their place of work at 9 o'clock. (Члены правительства, отдельные люди) Speak about the film "Matilda". Mention the following. The type of film The tim e when it appeared The film d irecto r The sto ry lin e in short Some of the actors and th eir performance The message of the film The n arrator s im pression 1 screen version ['skri:n,v3:jh] экранизация 2 thought-provoking ['Goitprayaukir)] заставляющий думать

36 a n d in form a l E " 9lish Вы, наверное, не раз замечали, что наш выбор слов часто зависит от той ситуации, в которой мы находимся, то есть от ситуации общения. К примеру, в официальной ситуации (на работе, на деловой встрече) люди обычно не используют так называемую сниженную, бытовую лексику, если не хотят быть неправильно понятыми. Сказанное справедливо для всех языков. Ниже приводится список некоторых слов, относящихся к категории формальных или нейтральных по стилю и соответствующих им единиц неформальной лексики. Их полезно запомнить. More formal or neutral a bicycle (a) television a friend a refrigerator a man mother and father wonderful a policeman to telephone I enjoyed the film. Hello! Goodbye Thank you. What's the matter? Quite informal a bike the telly a pal a fridge a guy mum and dad terrific a cop to phone The film grabbed me. Hi! Ta-ta. Та. What's up? Read the dialogue and say how it can sound in informal English. S tolen1 Bicycle P o lly : H e llo, W a lte r! W h a t s th e m a tte r? W a l t e r : Som eone has sto len 2 m y b icycle! I t m akes the second tim e th is year. P o lly : P o o r W a lte r! M y m o ther saw a p rogram m e on televisio n yesterday. They said someth in g about a m an stealin g b icycles in our neighbourhood. W a l t e r : R e a lly? I h ave a frie n d w ho is a policem an. Do you th in k I should telephone him? P o lly : I th in k i t s a w o n d e rfu l id ea. M ean w h ile I can d rive you to w ork. W a l t e r : T h a n k yo u. I t s v e ry h e lp fu l o f you. 1 stolen ['staulan] украденный 2 steal (stole, stolen) красть

37 DO IT ON YOUR OWN Rewrite these sentences. Use neutral vocabulary. 1) I t s getting late. I m a fra id I m ust go. Ta-ta. 2) W h y don t you w atch the te lly w h ile I m getting ready to go o u t? 3) This park is a te rrific place w ith lots of entertainm ents. 4) Ja so n is m y best pal, we spend a lo t of tim e together. 5) H i, guys! H ow are thin gs tod ay? 6) Do you know anyone who w ants to become a cop? 7) The film I watched yesterday rea lly grabbed me. Find in each line the odd word out. 1) lo ving, cruel, caring, kind, pleasant 2) lib rary, attention, school, cinema, theatre 3) enjoyable, slow, m oving, thought-provoking, powerful 4) g ifted, talented, clever, in te lle ctu a l, shallow 5) horror, terror, crim e, terrorize, violence 6) im agine, applaud, deserve, m atter, punish 7) bookshop, sto ry, newspaper, novel, m agazine 3 Complete the text with the words from the box. Write the text down. previously, firs t, m eanwhile, fin a lly, eventually a ( i ).» we meet M a tild a in the local lib ra ry, w hich she often v is its. M a tilda loves books and reg u larly borrows them from the lib ra ry. (2 ). she had read the few books the W orm woods had at home. A t school the g irl makes friend s w ith M iss H oney, a lo vin g and caring teacher. (3 ). M iss Trunchbull terrorizes her and her classmates. M atilda finds a very unusual w ay to punish the cruel and vio len t woman. (4 ). the Trunchb ull leaves the school and never comes back. (5 ). M a tild a and M iss H oney become a kind of fam ily. Get ready to speak about the film you've recently seen or the film you like. Use the outline from Exercise 6, page 35. s t e p 8 Consolidation and Extension DO IT TOGETHER Listen to the text, (56), and complete these statements. 1) To become a football p layer was Banderas s. a) life-tim e dream b) school-years dream c) dream that came true

38 2) Banderas worked in d ifferen t theatres. a) before he began appearing in film s b) w hile appearing in film s c) after he began appearing in film s Ste p 8 3) In the U S Banderas firs t had. a) a language problem 38 b) a cu ltu ral problem c) problems w ith his film directors 4) W om en especially lik e Banderas in. a) E v ita b) The M ask of Zorro c) The In terview w ith a Vam pire1 5) In Sh rek Banderas speaks in. a) one language b) two languages c) three languages Read these word combinations. a m atter of great im portance a m atter of life and death a m atter of tim e to deserve a rew ard to deserve b etter to deserve success to punish the agressor to punish the children to punish the dark powers to im agine the near futu re to im agine the distant future g ifted children g ifted kids g ifted students his latest novel a novel about grow ing up a h istorical novel to v is it the lib rary to give books back to the lib rary to borrow books from the lib rary to im agine the film s ending to im agine the world w ithout love Match the words and word combinations which are close in their meanings. Make up sentences with some of them. 1) talented 2) frien d 3) cen tral role 4) in tellectua l 5) w onderful 6) m atter 7) p revio u sly 8) receive 9) appear in a film LO) excited 1 a vampire ['vaempaia] вампир a) g ifted b) deep c) kid d) leading p art e) thin g f ) clever g) before h ) thin k i) get j) th rilled

39 11) thought-provoking I к ) te rrific 12) consider 1) pal 13) ch ild m) star in a film Read the four parts of the text (A D) and put them in their logical order. Think of a possible title to the text. A. W a lt returned to the U S A from Europe and began w orking w ith the company that produced short cartoons. They became fa irly successful and popular in the local Kansas C ity area. B u t soon the company understood that the money th ey put in to the film s never returned and W a lt decided to move to Hollywood, C alifo rnia. B. So Disney had to develop a new cartoon star. He him self and his friends began work on a new mouse character to take O swald s place. B a s ic a lly it looked like Oswald, but w ith round instead of long ears. The mouse s original [a'ridpnl] name was M ortim er but la t er W a lt s w ife L illia n offered to call him M ickey Mouse. The firs t M ickey Mouse film s were silent but then W a lt D isney him self perform ed as the voice of this character u n til M ickey and his frien d M in n ie are s till among the best-loved cartoon characters everywhere in the w orld. C. W a lt D isney ( ) was an A m erican film producer, d irecto r, screen w riter, voice actor and a world-famous creator of cartoons. He was born in Chicago. In 1910 the fam ily moved to Kansas C ity where he spent his school years. A t the age of sixteen he le ft school. D uring W o rld W a r I he was a d riv e r and a member of the A m erican Red Cross Am bulance Force in France1. D. There w ith his brother Roy W a lt Disney organized the Disney Bro th ers Stu d io w hich la te r became the W a lt D isney Stud io and in 1927 the new series of cartoons Oswald, the Lucky Rabbit appeared. That was a real success but under the contract the studio could make Oswald cartoons w ith ou t D isney as the rab bit character belonged to the Studio, not to W a lt Disney. 1 the American Red Cross Ambulance Force in France американское отделение Красного Креста во Франции

40 М н о ги е а н гл и й с к и е п р и л а га те л ьн ы е об р азо ван ы пр и по м ощ и суф ф и кса -ish. В ы в стр е ч а л и сь с н и м в т а к и х сл о ва х, к а к English, Spanish, Irish, British, Scottish, Finnish. Э то т ж е суф ф и кс вход и т в со став т а к и х сл о в, к а к 40 Ste p 8 в P o lis h п о л ь с к и й Sw e d ish ш ве д ски й T u rk is h ту р е ц к и й D a n ish д а тск и й С уф ф и кс -ish м о ж е т у к а з ы в а т ь н а к а ч е с тв о : c h ild is h а 9 р е б я ч е ск и й ( характ ерны й д ля ребёнка) b o y ish м а л ь ч и ш е с к и й g irlis h *» д е ви ч е с к и й, х а р а кте р н ы й д л я д ево чки w o m an ish ж е н с к и й, х а р а к те р н ы й д л я ж е н щ и н ы Ч а с т о суф ф и кс -ish в со ставе п р и л а га те л ь н ы х у к а з ы в а е т н а н еп о л н о ту к а ч е с т в а : g ree n ish зе л е н о ваты й ( недост аточно инт енсивны й, чтобы быть названны м зелёны м ) b rown ish к о р и ч н е в а ты й y e llo w is h ж е л т о в а т ы й t a llis h в ы с о к о в а т ы й Подобные пр илагательны е о тн о сятся к разговорном у стилю. A. Complete the sentences w ith the derivatives formed from the words on the right. 1) Ja c k refu se s to t r y a n y new k in d s o f food. I th in k it is b e h a vio u r. 2) H e r v o ic e w as n o t s o ft o r w eak an d. i t w as stron g and m anlike. 3 ) M r W ils o n w as a m an w ith a. tem p eram en t. 4 ) T h e y a re fro m th e n o rth o f E u ro p e, th e ir n a tiv e la n guage is. 5) The carp et w as not brow n, it w as not yello w e ith e r. I can s a y it w as. child woman boy Sweden brown B. Complete the text with the derivatives formed from the words on the right. Just You W ait! J u st You W ait! (N u, p og od i!) is a p o p u la r S o v ie t/ R u s s ia n s e rie s 1 o f cartoo n s. T h e f irst film ap p eared in I t s (1 ). w as V y a c h e s la v K o ty o n o c h k in. 1 a series ['si3ri:z] серия

41 The (2 ). film language is (3 ). b ut there is v e ry little speech in it. The (4 ). characters are a (5 ). stupid and aggressive W o lf who is a (6 ). fellow 1 and who is try in g to catch a clever and (7 ). H are. The la tter is fu ll of (8 ). and (9 ). and (10). makes fun of his enemy. W o lf is a good fig ure (11). he can p lay the g u itar and rides the (12). m otorbike. B u t he is alw ays (13). to catch H are. direct origin, Russia lead, fun big joy, strong, imagine, brave skate power, able 1. to see somebody around (часто) встречаться с кем-то Goodbye, I'll see you around. 2. to see through something or somebody видеть насквозь You can never fool him. He can see through your tricks. 3. to see to somebody I or to something позаботиться о ком-то/чём-то Can you see to my pets while I'm away? 4. to see somebody off проводить Will you all come to the airport to see me off? 1 a fellow ['felau] парень

42 Say the same in a different way. 1) I m v e ry su rp rised he d id n t understand th a t A n n w as ly in g to h im. 2) D o n t w o rry, I ll take care of y o u r garden in sum m er. 3) W e ll a ll come to th e ra ilw a y s ta tio n to say goodbye to A u n t B re n d a. 4 ) L a s t w eek I met R o b quite often. 5) Make sure th a t the w indow s are not open b efo re yo u leave the fla t. 6) The d e tective w as so c le v e r, he could e a sily understand the g an g sters p lan s. 7) I m su re I ll be able to meet you quite often now, as w e go to the sam e school. 8) W h e n are you lea vin g? I ll come to the airp o rt to say goodbye to you. Develop these ideas (1 4) and use some of the word combinations listed below. 1) Cinema a century ago 3) Cinema and theatre before television appeared the Golden Age of Cinema a special event film stars like kings and queens black-and-white film s silent film s the firs t film studios sm all cinema houses more/less popular not a ll places have their theatres cheaper/more expensive more/less intellectual take more tim e need more im agination more entertaining bigger/sm aller audience 2) Cinema today 4) Films of different kinds high ticket prices m ultiplex cinemas I brand-new film s I better picture and sound modern equipment film s in 3D I a lot of special effects sm aller and younger audiences older and younger audiences many types of film s favourite kinds of film s d ifferen t people prefer d ifferen t film s film s from many countries Russian film s old and new film s film s not to everyone s taste DO IT 01У YOUR OWIU Complete the sentences using the missing words from the box. around, o ff, through, to 1) Sh e knew h im w e ll enough to see. h is b e h a vio u r. 2) W ill you come to th e a irp o rt to see L ilia n. Sh e is fly in g to N ew Y o rk. 3) Jo h n said he w o uld see. o u r lu gg ag e. 4) W ill you see. th e ch ild re n w h ile I m aw ay? 5) M y elder b roth er saw. m y plan at once and told me about it. 6) H e saw h is re la tiv e s. a t th e bus s tatio n. 7) Do yo u see Bob. these d ays? 8 ) A f t e r a ll those years she had le a rn t to see. h is lit t le tric k s and lies. 9) D on t you th in k about the puppies. I ll see. them. 10) K e v in w ill m ake a flow erbed. I ll see. it.

43 Complete the text using the words on the right in the appropriate grammar forms. W esterns are film s tellin g stories about the life in the Am erican Old W est. These film s show how hard life (1). there in the 19th centu ry for those people who be (2). to A m erica from far-aw ay European countries. come The leading characters in westerns are often hunters and cowboys. The (3). characters often (4). between late, ride towns and ranches1 and (5). a lot of adventures. West- have erns often (6). conflicts of w hite people w ith N ative show Am ericans. W h ile in (7). western film s Indians (8). early, be cruel and agressive people, the (9). film s show them in late a (10). w ay. friend Match the words and word combinations with the opposite meanings. 1) cheap 2) a grown-up 3) rap id ly 4) w ith in 5) at the beginning 6) a silen t film 7) a black-and-white film a) a colour film b) outside c) expensive d) a child e) a sound film f) at the end g) slow ly Get ready to speak about the cartoon you like/dislike. Mention the following. the name of the cartoon and its d irecto r the plot of the film when and where you saw it your im pressious of the cartoon 1 a ranch [ra:ntj] ранчо

44 Revision DO IT TOGETHER D Listen to the text, (57), and complete the sentences ) D u rin g the w ar G lo ria. a) spent some mornings w ith her granny b) spent some afternoons w ith her granny c) spent some evenings w ith her granny 2) G lo ria s granny. took her granddaughter to the cinema. a) often b) from tim e to tim e c) seldom 3) G lo ria loved. a) on ly m usicals b) film s about adventures c) m usicals more than other film s 4) G lo ria s g ranny. a) liked film s about adventures b) made G lo ria s v is its to the cinem a a real adventure c) told her granddaughter a lo t of adventure stories about adventures 5) On th e ir w ay home G lo ria and her g ranny. a) w ere alw ays talk in g about w hat they had seen b) w ere talk in g about the darkness c) sometimes forgot about the darkness in the street H Work in groups. Imagine you are at a TV show about cinema and filmmaking. W hat answers will you give to such questions? 1) W h a t is the role of cinema in people s lives? In your life? 2) H ave you seen any film s that you can call g reat? W h a t are they? W h a t makes them g reat? 3) W h a t types of film s are yo u r favo u rites? Can you say w hat kind of film s your friends and relatives prefer. 4) W h o do you lik e to go to the cinem a w ith? W h y so? W h y do you th in k people s till go to the cinem a when they could easily w atch the same film s at home? 5) Do you thin k going to the cinem a is an expensive pastim e? Does it seem to you th a t cinem a tickets have become re a lly expensive? 6) Do you thin k the size of a screen is im portant if you w atch a film at the cinem a? W h ich is better a usual screen or a wide screen?

45 Read the text and complete it with the following phrases (a g). W hat title can you give to the film? a) is alw ays in danger I b) men and anim als die Ic) shows its ho rror and cru elty d) it is a w ar film e) Jo e y was really lucky f) the fam ily doesn t have a lo t of money g) to watch Jo e y s adventure \ The d irecto r of the film W a r H orse Steven Spielberg. The film is a screen version of a popular novel by M ichael M orpugo ['moipjuigau]. A s you can understand, (1). Spielberg made it for all audiences except1 children under 13 because of some scenes of w ar violence. Some v e ry good actors lik e P e te r M u llan, G erem y Irv in e, E m ily W atso n star in the film. The message of the film is tim eless, it is about the horror of w ar in w hich both (2). The film begins on a sm all farm in Eng lan d. W e meet young A lb e rt N arracott, Ted, his not unkind father, and Rose, his hard-working, lovin g and caring m other. Though (3). the fathe r buys a b eau tifu l horse Jo e y. A lb e rt and Jo e y become good friend s. Then the F irs t W o rld W a r begins and Ted sells the horse to the arm y. The next p art of the film is about w hat happened to the horse at w ar. The film presents the scenes of that terrib le w ar quite rea lis tic a lly, (4). Jo e y meets several m asters2 both E n g lish and G erm an, his life, like the life of other horses (5 ). the work that people and anim als do seems next to impossible. There are a lot of powerful scenes in this part of the p icture. Sometim es it is p ain fu l (6). especially fo r younger audiences. H ow ever, Spielberg gives his film a happy ending, w hich makes such a story watchable. B y contrast to a lot of other w ar horses (7). A lb ert and Jo e y eventually meet and both return home. The director is not afraid to seem sentim ental, his movie is deep and thought-provoking. A lo t of cinem agoers are sure to enjoy th is talented w ork. Say if you would or would not like to watch the film "W ar Horse" and why or why not. Here are some ideas you may use. you like/don t like w ar film s you like/don t lik e the idea to make a horse the central character you like/don t like film s w ith happy endings you are/aren t interested in the w ork of Steven Spielberg you like/d islik e to see cruel and vio len t scenes on the screen 1 except you prefer/don t [ik'sept] кроме, prefer за исключением film s that entertain 2 a master ['ma:sta] хозяин

46 Read the text. Use the necessary forms of the words on the right to complete it. The cou ntry school fo r (1 ). children was a low building fo r two hundred and fifty pupils. In M a tild a s class there w ere eighteen other sm all boys and g irls about the same age as her. T h e ir teacher, M iss H oney, had the (2 ). face M a tild a (3 ). She looked lik e a m adonna w ith her light-brow n h a ir and eyes of the (4 ). blue. M iss Je n n ifer H oney was kind and quiet, her voice seldom (5 ). ; and though she (6 ). a lo t, every sm all child under her care seemed to love her. She understood v e ry w ell w hat children (7 ). when they found (8 ). in the classroom fo r the (9 ). tim e in th eir lives. M iss Trunchb ull was v e ry d iffere n t. She was a ta ll m onster who terrorized pupils and teachers alike. W h en she shouted, you could hear her voice in the (10). room. Thanks God we (11). m any people lik e her in this w orld. I f you ever do, clim b up the (12). tree and stay there u n til she (13). away. young lo vely, see b rig h t rise, not sm ile feel they, one n ear not m eet n ear go Open the brackets to complete the sentences. 1) Jaco b said he never (see) a ho rror film. H e added th a t he (lik e ) to go and see some film s of this genre ['зопгэ] the next week. 2) O ur teacher told us that the Lum iere brothers (give ) the w orld s firs t public film show in ) I knew that the firs t talk ie (appear) in 1927, it (be) The Jaz z Sin g e r. 4) They remembered v e ry w ell th a t H ollywood (be) the centre of the A m erican film in d u stry. 5) M y elder sister said I (m ust) see the new film by a ll means1. 6) They decided they (go) and see some old w esterns. 7) M y eldest brother thought th a t Conan D oyle s fam ous detective Sherlock Holm es (be) the film hero that everybody (know ). 8) They said I (can) buy cheaper tick ets fo r the show. 9) Ron explained to us that the U n ited States s till (produce) most of well-known film s a ll over the w orld. 10) H e was sure that a new screen version of Sleeping B e a u ty (appear) soon. A. Listen, ^ (58), and read the dialogues. Act them out. I. A.: W h a t did you th in k of the film? В.: I loved every m inute of it. Brad P it t s fantastic. A.: That s what I feel too. Angelina Jo lie was not so bad either. I rea lly liked her. B.: M o stly I enjoyed the fin a l scene where the leading characters w in th eir victo ry. A.: Y es, it was a v e ry pow erful scene indeed. A n d w hat w ill you say about the m usic? B.: I th in k it was the best soundtrack I d ever heard. 1 by all means вне всяких сомнений

47 I I. A.: W h a t d id you th in k o f th e film? В.: I can t say I enjoyed it. A.: I th in k it w as so-so. The s to ry lin e is n t in te re s tin g o r o rig in a l. B.: I agree. T he film is too slow, it d id n t grab me a t a ll. A.: Y o u know w h a t? I th in k the lead in g actors d id th e ir best b u t it d id n t make the film b etter, did it? B.: N o, it d id n t. Though I ca n t say th a t the film is a com plete flo p, I w o n t re a lly recomm end it to m y frie n d s. B. Make up similar dialogues about good and/or bad films. DO IT ON YOUR OW N D Margaret came home from the cinema. Eliza, her elder sister, asked Margaret five questions. Report Eliza's questions. 1) D id you enjoy the film? 2) W h o starred in the film? 3) W as the sto ry line exciting? 4) H ow w ell did the actors p lay? 5) W ill you go and see the same film again? Use the necessary forms of the adjectives to complete the sentences. 1) This is the (la te ) film of the fam ous d irecto r th at I have seen. 2) E v erybody wants to know w hat his (near) film w ill be about. 3) Eddie M u r phy and S y lv e s te r Stallo n e are fam ous A m erican actors. The (la te ) took part in the well-known Rembo film s. 4) H ave you any (fa r ) questions? 5) The house was situ ated in the (fa r ) corner o f the garden. 6) A ll the children in the fam ily are teenagers, the (old ) is M ike who is seventeen. 7) H e died and his (la te ) words w ere: Rem em ber m e. 8) Jo h n came up to the fla t (near) door and rang the bell. Complete the sentences with around, through, to or off. 1) I m a fra id I have to go now. I ll see you. 2) D on t tr y to hide anything from me,. I see you. 3) I know that you re leaving tom orrow. Is anyone seeing you. 4) I ll see. it th a t the ch ild ren have a hot b reakfast every day. 5) E v e ry tim e fath e r goes away, m y m other and I see him. at the station. 6) Please see. it th a t everyone knows the facts. 7) I don t see Ja c k. v e ry often these days. In fac t I haven t seen him for a long tim e. 8) I have a feeling that my m other sees. me, so I te ll her the tru th. 9) Don t see me. I m going to the airport by taxi. 10) I ll see. lunch, it ll be ready on tim e.

48 ш Revise the words for Test Three. achieve(m ent), adventure, agree, anywhere, applaud, applause, О attention, atten tive, besides, blockbuster, caring, cartoon, cheap, яшят cop, crim e, deserve, d irecto r, docum entary, farth e r, farthest, П С Т flop, fu rth e r, fu rth est, g ifted, gripping, guy, h it, im agine, imagjnation, im press(ion), in tellectual, latter, leading, lib rary, m atter, message, m oving, m usical, novel, pal, price, priceless, p ricey/p ricy, public, punish, rap id (ly), rise rose * * risen, screen, seem, shallow, silence, silen t, s illy, star, talented, telly, thoughtprovoking, te rrific, terrorize, transport, violent, western Step Test Yourself I. I I LISTENING Listen to four texts about different films, 9 (59), and match their names with the categories (types) to which they belong. You don't have to use one of the categories. Film s Categories 1. Tsar a) Rom antic comedy 2. The S ta r b) Dram a. Sci- Fi. T h rille r 3. Come Look at M e c) H orror 4. The Ugly Swans d) Dram a. H isto ry e) H isto ry. W a r Maximum result 5 Your result? I I. READING Read the text and decide in which sentences after it the information is true, false or not stated. The Match In M ay 2012 a new R u ssian film appeared on the screen. It was The M atch w ith popular R u ssian actors E liz a v e ta B o yarskaya and Sergey Bezrukov sta rrin g in it. It is a dram a about the football m atch that took place in 1942 in K ie v between Dinamo Kiev and the Germ an fascists 1 team. 1 fascist [ faejist] фашист; фашистский

49 The film is a p atrio tic action m ovie. Such film s are v e ry popular these days. H isto ric a l dramas seem v e ry in terestin g fo r modern audiences. M any of us like film s about the past. People from the past centuries look different, they think and act d ifferen t ly, they are a v e ry im portant p art of w hat we call h isto ry. F o r example, every fam ily who live d d u r ing W o rld W a r I I can become a film character, as they a ll have th e ir own stories to tell. This is w hy historical dramas are often real hits w ith the public. W hen people go to see a patriotic dram a, the audience wants to see the action, the w ar and people s feelings. Sergey Bezrukov plays the p art of the Dinamo team captain N ik o lay. Sergey is a v e ry good actor, but he is a good football p layer too and you can w atch it on the screen. H e lea rn t to p lay professionally w ith in a short period of tim e. In the film E liz a v e ta Boyarsk aya plays the p art of A n n a, the woman who loves N ikolay and who is a Germ an language schoolteacher. E liz a veta Boyarsk aya says she tried to make her character rea listic. A n n a looks free and open in the film. The ending of The M atch is tragic though the Soviet team wins. This is a film to see. 1) Sergey Bezrukov is the director of the historical drama The M atch, a) True b) False c) N ot stated 2) A n y p atriotic action movie is usually a h it w ith the public, a) True b) False c) Not stated 3) People from the previous centuries seem in terestin g to modern au diences. a) True b) False c) N ot stated 4) Sergey Bezru ko v s favo u rite kind of sport is football. a) True b) False c) Not stated 5) The film The M atch has a happy ending. a) True b) False c) N ot stated 6) The journalist who has w ritten the text thinks The M atch is a ta l ented film. a) True b) False c) Not stated Maximum result 6 Your result? I. USE OF ENGLISH Choose the appropriate words to complete the sentences. 1) In cinem a houses you can t hear (applaude/applause) v e ry often. The audience (applaud/applause) only if the film is v e ry successful. 2) I ve seen two film s this week, the form er was a comedy and the (late r/ latter) a psychological drama. 3) I m sorry, I don t want to speak about

50 it any (farth e r/ fu rth e r): it makes me sad. 4) W e have had this rin g in the fam ily fo r m any years, fo r a ll of us it is (p riceless/p ricy). 5) The new film is very popular, I can say that it s a real (blockbuster/flop). 6) This fun n y cartoon is (last/the la st) th in g I watched on televisio n. 7) This w riter died two years ago. H is (last/latest) book is a long novel. 8) Ladies and gentlem en, I d lik e to introduce to you our new film d i recto r, he is a v e ry g ifted (guy/m an). 9) Film s about A m erican cowboys are (thrille rs/w esterns). 10) Use yo u r (im agination/im pression) and speak about schools o f the fu tu re. 11) Jim is leavin g London by the (nearest/ next) train. 12) He said he (w ill/w ould ) watch the film later. Maximum result 11 Your result 7 Complete the sentences with the words from the box. шшяштяяятшштшшшшшшшшшш1шшшяяяяятшттштшшшт at (2 ), by, for, off, on, to (3 ), w ith (2 ), w ith in 1) The children were very attentive. what their teacher was saying. 2) The book was not a success at a ll but. contrast its screen version became a real h it. the public. 3) W h en did that rom antic comedy come. the screen? 4) Ja c k s fathe r told him th a t he would punish him. his dangerous d rivin g. 5) I said I would fin ish the job. h alf an hour. 6) H is latest action film seemed a real flop. me. 7) I w ill never agree. you on th is m atter. 8). la st the detectives had solved the crim e and the audience understood the ending of the film. 9) W e have bought this cam era. half-price. 10) W h en w ill the actress starrin g in the film appear. the screen? 11) I ll go to the airport to see you. Maximum result 12 Your result 7 SPEAKING Comment on one of the statements. You may agree or disagree with them. 1) Young children can watch the same film s as grown-ups. 2) Soon nobody w ill go to the cinem a: people w ill w atch film s only at home. 3) Cartoons are film s fo r young children. 4) They make the best film s in Hollywood. 5) Russia has produced a lot of wonderful film s. 6) D ifferent people prefer d ifferen t types of film s. 7) To make a new film is not easy at a ll. 8) Old film s are always boring and not interesting. Maximum result 15 Your result 7

51 V. WRITING W rite these in English. 1) П оследние новости; 2) б л и ж а й ш и й ки н о театр ; 3) н а к а за ть за ош ибки ; 4) достижение в спорте; 5) присмотреть за багаж ом ; 6 ) р азви ва ть воображ ение; 7) аплодировать актёр ам ; 8 ) п р и к л ю че н че ск и й ф и л ьм ; 9 ) кром е того; 10) м ул ьти п л и к а ц и о н н ы й ф и льм. Maximum result 10 Y our result? Total result 59 Y our result? DO IT ON YOUR OWN Do Project W ork 3. Complete a page in your English Album. W r it e about y o u r fa v o u rite R u s s ia n film, ex p la in w h y you lik e it. Illu s tra te y o u r s to ry w ith p ic tu re s. D o n t fo rg e t to th in k o f an o u tlin e fo r y o u r s to ry b efore yo u w rite it. A s k y o u r fa m ily an d /o r frie n d s to help you i f necessary.

52 The Whole1 Them World Knows Step 1 DO IT TOGETHER Every nation has people it can be proud of. Look at the list of names, listen, (60), and read them, then decide what country they belong to. Say what these people are famous for. Match their names with the pictures (A L). Example: Sir Winston Churchill ( ) was the English Prime Minister during most of World War II. He made many famous speeches. People remember him wearing a hat and smoking a large cigar. 1) Leonardo da Vinci [li:a,na:d30 de 'vinlfi] ( ) a) Russia 2) W olfgang Amadeus Mozart [,wulfgaeg,aemadeias 'mautsait] ( ) b) England 3) Indira Gandhi ^mdira 'gaendi] ( ) c) the USA 4) Thomas A lva Edison ^trnnas ^lva 'edisn] d) Holland ( ) 5) Ludwig van Beethoven [,ludvig vaen 'beithauvan] ( ) e) Poland 6) Karl Brulov [,ka:l bru:'ldv] f) A ustria2 7) Confucius [kan'fju:jas] (about BC3) g) Scotland 8) Napoleon Bonaparte [пэ'рэииэп ЪэипэраТ] h) India ( ) 9) W alter Scott [,WD:lta 'skdt] ( : i) Italy 10) Charles Darwin [,tja:lz 'da:win] ( ) j) Germany 11) Nicholas Copernicus [,nikl9s кэи'рзгткэв] ( ) к) France 12) Rembrandt ['rembraent] ( ) 1) China 1 whole [haul] целый, весь 2 A u stria ['DStria] Австрия 3 BC = Before C hrist [,bi:'si:] до Рождества Христова (до нашей эры)

53 в I. J. К. L. A. Who are these Russian people? 1) He was born in R u ssia in 1828 in to a noble fam ily and fought in the Crim ean W a r. A t the age of 82 he le ft his home but soon became ill and died in a sm all railw a y station hotel. A talented man, he w rote some of the w orld s greatest novels. One of them is A nna K a ren i na. 2) She is a b allet dancer R u ssia is proud of. A fte r M oscow School of B a lle t she began w orking in the Bolsho i Theatre. She danced in Sw an Lake, Sleeping B e a u ty and Carm en where she perform ed some of her best parts. She is m arried to the famous Russian composer Rodion Shchedrin, who has w ritten m usic fo r her b allets. She teaches young b allet dancers and stages new ballets.

54 3) She is the first woman professor in R ussia and North Europe. She was born in Moscow in 1850 and showed her interest in m athem atics very early. A t the age of 11 she already could do a lot o f th in gs th at u n iversity stu d en ts fin d d ifficu lt. Though she was a g ifted m athem atician, she could not com plete her education in R u ssia as wom en could not be u n iversity stu d en ts then. She had to go abroad and eventually became a really fam ous scien tist. 4) He was a R ussian airplane te st p ilot born in a sm all town near N i zhni Novgorod in He is fam ous for several ultra ['лкгэ] long flig h ts 1^ One o f them was a 63-hour flig h t from Moscow to Vancouver [vaen'ku:va], United States. To get there he flew over the North Pole. He died at the age of 34 when his plane crashed2 during a test flig h t. B. Speak of some people living now, w hose names people will not forget. Explain why. The Passive Voice Все уже известные вам глагольные формы были использованы в так называемом активном залоге (the active voice), когда глагол показывает, что действие выполняется лицом или предметом, выраженным под-т лежащим. Richard broke the window yesterday. Susan wrote the project last Sunday. Однако, когда говорящий либо не знает, кто совершает действие, либо не придаёт этому значения, в предложении обычно используется страдательный залог (the p assive voice). В английском языке страдательный залог образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be и третьей формы основного глагола (Ved/V3). Для прошедшего времени это w as/ w e re + Ved/V3. The film was shown. Фильм был показан. The books were translated. Книги были переведены. Обратите внимание, что одно и то же предложение в страдательном залоге может переводиться на русский язык по-разному. The letter was sent yesterday. 1) Письмо было отослано вчера. 2) Письмо отослали вчера. Если же возникает необходимость назвать лицо, которое совершает действие, пользуются предлогом by. The book was written b y Joanne Rowling. Change the sentences in the active voice into passive. E xam ple: The team played th e m atch very w ell. The m atch was played very w ell (by the team). 1 a flig ht [flait] полёт 2 to crash [kraej] разбиться (о самолёте)

55 1) Jo h n found a sm all s ilv e r box in the garden. 2) M r M orrison hung the p icture on the w a ll. 3) Ja so n learn t the poem by h eart. 4) O ur school football team won the fin a l m atch. 5) The g irls did the exercises a fter classes. 6) Barbara took these pictures w h ile trav e llin g in A fric a. 7) Ja n e chose the blue dress because it was longer. 8) A lic e cut the cake in to sm all pieces. 9) M rs Biggs kept the old letters in a sm all green box. Look at the sentences and say how negations and questions are made in the passive voice. The flo o r was not cleaned last nigh t. The cars were not washed in the evening.? Was the book bought last weekend? Were the churches built la st cen tu ry? W h? W hen were the apples bought? W here was the car made? W h y were the letters burnt? Disagree with the statements. Correct them using the passive voice. Exam ple: The teacher collected the projects. not the teacher, the students No, he d id n t. The projects w ere not collected by the teacher, th ey w ere collected by the students. 1) Professor Jackson inform ed everybody about the lecture. 2) Jo h n broke th eir m other s favourite vase. 3) L ittle Sarah b u ilt a sm all sandcastle on the beach. 4) Em m a painted the door yellow. 5) Tou rists k illed a lot of dodos. 6) M ario n took two eggs from the frid g e. 7) H en ry scored the last goal in the game. 8) M r Ja so n chose P la n A, not P la n B. not Professo r Jack so n, P rofessor D avidson not Jo h n, Florence not Sarah, little A lice not Em m a, her brother Steve not tou rists, sailors not M arion, Sharon not H en ry, M ax not Plan A, Plan В Listen, (61), and read. A. admire [ad'maia] 1) восхищ аться; 2) лю боваться bury ['beri] 1) хоронить; 2) закап ы вать в землю law [b :] закон lead [li:d ] вести, приводить

56 m ankind ['maenkaind] человечество m ixture ['mikstja] смесь villag e ['vibcf;] деревня w hole [haul] целый a ll over the w orld по всему свету В. adm ire: 1) to adm ire sb/sth fo r something. B ria n admires his talented cousin. I adm ire you fo r your brave actions. 2) to adm ire the old cathed ral. He stood adm iring b eau tifu l swans on the pond, bury: 1) to b u ry near the church. B o th m y grandparents w ere buried here. 2) The dog has buried a bone. law : to break law s, to make law s, to keep the law, the laws of nature, the law of g ra v ity1. Pa rliam en t makes law. H e broke the law and was punished. lead (led, led ): to lead somebody to some place, to lead a quiet life. This road leads to m y house. W h o was chosen to lead the group? Is she able to lead a quiet life? m ankind: to help m ankind, fo r the good of a ll m ankind, the future of m ankind. There are m any world-famous people in the h istory of m ankind. m ixture: a m ixture of feelings, a m ixture of d ifferen t types, a strange m ixture of styles. I was listen in g to him w ith a m ixture of love and sadness. The b u ild in g was a m ixture of d ifferen t styles, villag e : a sm all village, a villag e on the bank of the river. He was born in a sm all Sco ttish fish in g villa g e. The road led to the villag e, whole: his whole body, my whole fam ily, the whole thing, the whole story. Come on, le t s forget the whole thin g. They are the best teachers in the whole w orld. a ll over the w orld: to be fam ous a ll over the w orld; to be im portant a ll over the world. People have the same problems a ll over the world. A. Use the new vocabulary to give names to the following: 1) a ll the hum ans on the planet; 2) to put a dead body underground; 3) a group of houses that is sm aller than a town; 4) to take a person or anim al in a certain direction2; 5) the rules which people follow in a certain place or in a country; 6) to look at something w ith great pleasure; 7) a ll of something; 8) the resu lt of p u ttin g things together. B. Complete the sentences with the new words. 1) It is not alw ays easy to keep the. but everyone m ust do it. 2) They. a quiet life in the country and don t meet a lot of people. 3) The p i rates. th e ir gold on a sm all islan d in the ocean. 4) They lived in a beautiful little. at the foot of the m ountain. 5) He was a great athlete, one of the best in the. world. 6) Use a. of eggs and m ilk to make omelette. 7) Bad ecology is v e ry dangerous fo r. 8) People know the names of some Russian w riters all. the world. 1 the law of gravity [ graeviti] закон всемирного тяготения 2 direction [di'rekfn] направление

57 DO IT ON YOUR OWN D И Translate these sentences into Russian. 1) The castle was b u ilt in the 17th centu ry. 2) The books were brought from the lib ra ry. 3) The lunch was eaten in no tim e. 4) These cam eras were made in Jap an. 5) The English language was spoken only in En g land in the 16th century. 6) The livin g room was cleaned an hour ago. 7) Two bottles of m ineral w ater were drunk because it was very hot. 8) The vegetables w ere brought in the m orning. 9) The boy was asked to come back at 9 p.m. 10) The work was done at once. A. Write who these pictures were painted by. Ask your family and/or friends to help you if necessary. a) Claude M onet b) V icto r Vasnetsov c) K a rl B ru lo v d) Leonardo da V in ci e) V in cen t V an Gogh f) Iv a n Sh ish kin 1) M orning in the Pin e1 Forest 2) The Horse R id er 3) The Mona Lisa 4) Alenushka 5) Su n flow ers 6) W a te r lily Pond B. Write who these books were written by. Ask your family and/or friends to help you if necessary. 1) L ife on the M ississippi a) Leo Tolstoy 2) H arry Po rter and the Philosopher s Stone b) Joanne Row ling 1 a pine [pain]» сосна

58 d. e. f. 3 ) P e te r P a n c) M a rk T w a in 4 ) O liv e r T w is t d ) Ja m e s M. B a r r ie 5 ) R o b in so n C ruso e e) C h a rle s D ick en s 6 ) W a r and P e a c e f ) D a n ie l D efo Spell these words. 1) [h a u l] 3 ) [ad'm aia] 5 ) ['b e ri] 7) [la :] 2 ) ['vilacfe] 4 ) ['m ikstja] 6 ) ['maenkaind] 8 ) [li:d ] W rite these in English. 1) П о все м у с в е ту ; 2) ве сти с п о к о й н ы й образ ж и з н и ; 3) в о с х и щ а тьс я собором; 4 ) исто р и я человечества ; 5) зако п ать кор обку с м онетам и ; 6 ) б ы ть п о хор он ен н ы м око ло ц е р к ви ; 7) за к о н ы п р ир од ы ; 8 ) м а л е н ь к а я д ер евн я; 9 ) соблю д ать за к о н ы ; 10) н а р у ш а ть з а к о н ы ; 11) см есь ц вето в; 12) ц е л ы й к л а с с.

59 DO IT TOGETHER D Listen to the three texts about world-famous scientists, (62), and say which of them a) d id n t go to school to get his 1) N icholas Copernicus education; 2) Charles Rob ert D arw in b) was not an on ly ch ild in the 3) K o n stan tin Tsiolkovsky fam ily; c) was not healthy w hile a child ; d) was buried in a cathedral; e) was not interested in astronomy; f ) spent a lo t of tim e in the south of Europe. В В 1) N icholas Copernicus Read these word combinations, to adm ire the flow ers to adm ire modern novels to adm ire Russian ballet the law s of nature to keep laws to break laws to be buried in the castle to be buried in the abbey to be buried fa r away a v illa g e on the bank a v illa g e on the seashore a fish in g villag e 2) Charles Rob ert D arw in a m ixture of colours a m ixture of styles a m ixture of theories 3) K o n stan tin T siolkovsky to lead a peaceful life to lead to the theatre to lead the boy from the room the h istory of m ankind for the good of a ll m ankind for the happiness of m ankind the whole w orld the whole class the whole school You know the words in column A. Read the sentences (1 10) and say what the words in column В mean. A. to adm ire m ixture to lead B. adm iration adm irer to m ix to m ix up leader

60 1) The young g irl looked at her new teacher in ad m iration. 2) W e re fu ll of ad m iration fo r a ll your hard w ork. 3) The film star stood among her friend s and adm irers. 4) K e v in has alw ays been a great ad m irer of Pablo Picasso. 5) M ix the eggs and sugar w ell. 6) O il1 and w ater don t m ix. 7) They are so much alike that it is very easy to m ix them up. 8) I think I m m ixing him up w ith someone else. Ask questions to get information about these facts. Give answers. Exam ple: K e vin s plan was supported. W hen was his plan supported? W here was his plan supported? B y whom was the plan supported? W h y was the plan supported? Last week. A t the Congress. B y everyone. It was really good. 1) The poem was w ritten. 6) A lot of historic facts were re- 2) The sandcastle was b u ilt. membered. 3) The sto ry was told. 7) The trees were cut down. 4) The new land was discovered. 8) A lot of power stations were 5) Some species of anim als were b uilt. k illed. 9) Some rive rs were polluted. Work in pairs. Ask questions and choose the answers. Check, (63). 1) when A m erica was discovered; a) 1392 b) 1492 c) ) on what continents rainforests were m ostly destroyed; a) b) Europe A u stralia c) N o rth A m erica d) South Am erica e) A s ia 3) a) when Eugene Onegin was w ritten ; b) c) ) when M oscow was founded; a) 1047 b) 1147 c) ) when the electron was discovered; a) 1807 b) 1877 c) ) when W o rld W a r I I was finished; a) 1945 b) 1948 c) ) by whom Robinson Crusoe was w ritten ; a) D aniel Defo b) Jonathan S w ift c) Rudyard K ip lin g 8) when the firs t clock was made; a) b) c) in the e a rly M iddle Ages in the late M iddle Ages in ancient tim es 1 oil [oil] растительное масло

61 9) where the E iffe l Tower was b u ilt; a) D ijon b) Lion c) Paris 10) by whom The M ona L is a was painted; a) M ichelangelo ^maikl'aendplau] b) Leonardo da V in ci [li^natdau de vintji] c) R affaello San ti ['raefeiab: 'saenti] 11) when The M ona L is a was painted; a) 1603 b) 1403 c) ) when the firs t plane was flow n by the W rig h t brothers, a) 1903 b) 1913 c) 1923 A. Read the text and complete it in 3 6 sentences. Isaak Newton S ir Isaak N ewton is a world-famous En g lish scientist, who devoted his life to m athem atics, physics, astronomy [as'tronami] and other sciences. Newton discovered the law of gravity and m any other law s, he developed some v e ry im portant scientific theories which helped people to understand and explain a lo t of thin gs about the p hysical w orld. Isaak N ewton was born in a sm all v illa g e in the east of Eng lan d in A t school he was interested in m athem atics, w h ich he studied la te r at Cam bridge U n iv e rs ity. In 1655 N ewton received his degree1 and returned home where he did m uch of his most im portant w ork. H ere, among other thin gs, he studied optics. H is experiments [ik'spenments] showed th a t w h ite lig h t was a m ixture o f a ll colours of the rainbow. M any people had seen the colours of the rainbow before but it was Newton who explained th a t w h ite lig h t was made of those colours. N ew ton s studies o f lig h t led him to build the firs t reflectin g 2 telescope [teliskoup]. N ewton also firs t thought about the law of g rav ity. The legend says th a t he discovered this law when an apple fe ll on his head w h ile he was s ittin g under a tree in his garden. T h a t s w h y in m any pictures Newton was often shown w ith an apple in his hand. N ewton understood th a t the same kind of power th a t made apples fa ll from trees also gives objects w eight and keeps planets on th e ir orbits. Newton s discoveries are s till im portant for modern science. Fo r example, by stu dyin g the spectrum of lig h t from a star scientists can fin d out w hat it is made of. Newton took p art in the political life of Eng lan d and was a member of En g lish Pa rliam en t. H e d id n t have a fam ily and devoted a ll his life to science. N ewton died in 1727 and was buried in W estm in ster Abbey where there is a monument to this great man. M any scientists all over 1 degree [di'gri:] степень 2 reflecting [n'flektiq] отражающий

62 the w o rld ad m ire h is talent and co n sid er h im to be the g rea test genius ['cfehnias] in the h isto ry of m ankind. To sum it up, we rem em ber Isaak N ew ton because. B. You probably didn't know the marked words in the text. W hat helped you to understand them: a) the w ay they look and sound or b) the context in which they are used? Слово Sir перед именем мужчины означает, что он имеет рыцарское звание или принадлежит к аристократическому роду. Так, например, Исаак Ньютон первым в стране получил рыцарское звание за заслуги в науке. Обратите внимание, что слово Sir ставится перед именем и фамилией (Sir Isaak Newton) или же перед именем, но не перед фамилией (Sir Isaak). В подобных случаях перед женскими именами используют слово Lady для женщинаристократок (Lady Chatterley) и слово Dame для тех, кому титул был присвоен за заслуги перед страной (Dame Agatha Christie). Look through the text about Newton again and a) answer the questions; b) make up questions to match the answers. a) 1) W h ere did N ew ton get his education? 2 ) W h a t d id th e s c ie n tis t fin d ou t about w h ite lig h t? 3) W h a t gives objects w eight and keeps planets on th e ir o rb its? 4 ) H o w d id N ew to n tak e p a rt in p o litic a l life? 5) W h a t is a popular legend about N ew ton? b ) 1) It was the law of g ra v ity. 2) In a sm all E n g lis h v illa g e. 3) W h e n he w as a t school. 4) They were experim ents w ith lig h t. 5) The fir s t re flectin g telescope. 6) Because there is a legend about an apple w hich fe ll on his head. 7) In ) In W estm in ster A bbey, London. DO IT ON YOUR OW N On Saturday the Greens had lots of things to do. They worked very hard and at the end of the day everything was done. W rite w hat was done by the Greens. E xam ple: M r G reen spent tw o hours w ash in g the ca r, so the c a r w as w ashed. 1) M r G reen spent the afternoon m aking a bench, so. 2) M rs G reen spent a lo t o f tim e p la n tin g the flo w e rs and c u ttin g the g rass, so. 3) Ja k e G reen spent an hour and a h a lf p ain tin g the garage, so. 4) M argo G reen spent three hours cleaning the window s in the house, so. ш 5) B a rb a ra G reen spent the afterno o n p re p arin g d in n e r fo r the fa m ily, so.

63 в ш 6) Sam Green spent a few hours b u ildin g a new garage roof, so. 7) Young P o lly Green spent all the afternoon m aking and hanging new cu rtain s, so. Write these sentences in the passive voice. 1) People grew this coffee in B raz il. 2) Someone made this piano in the 18th centu ry. 3) Somebody sent a Christm as postcard to me. 4) Somebody bought a lot of vegetables and put them in the fridge. 5) Andrew took us to the livin g room. 6) People k illed the last dodo m any years ago. 7) They b u ilt a new hospital in our city last month. 8) People translated this book in to m any languages. 9) They taught reading in the firs t year. A. Spell these words. 1) ^aedma'reifn] 2) [miks] 3) [ad'maiara] 4) ['li:da] B. Complete the sentences with the propositions from the box. for (2 ), by, in, over, of, to (2) 1) He is adm ired. his devotion. science. 2) The narrow road led. a sm all v illa g e church. 3) W h o was the book w ritten. 4) The name of this film d irecto r is fam ous a ll. the w orld. 5) W h y did you decide to b u ry your rin g. a flo w er pot? 6) W h a t can you tell me about th is m ixture. colours? 7) He says he has always felt adm iration. you. m Get ready to speak about Sir Isaak Newton. Don't forget to write an outline of your story. Step 3 DO IT TOGETHER A. Read the text below, then listen, ^ (64), and say what information is missing in it. Catherine the Great C atherine I I is also known as C atherine the G reat. She was the leader of R u ssia in the 18th cen tury and made the co u n try larger and stronger than ever. D u rin g the years when she was on the throne the R ussian territo ry was rap id ly grow ing and soon the cou ntry became one of the greatest powers of Europe. C atherine made R u ssia the dominant ['dominant] power in the southeast of Europe. C atherine introduced m any new things. A lo t of new palaces and houses were b u ilt in Russia, many were in the classical style and they changed

64 S t e p 3 the face of the cou ntry. C atherine was fa irly w ell educated. She w rote books and was v e ry m uch interested in the arts and litera tu re. She knew m any world-famous people of that cen tu ry and w rote letters to the great Fren ch philosopher [fi'ldsafa] V o ltaire d uring 15 years try in g to make his ideas popular in R ussia. C atherine the G reat believed in education. She thought education could change the hearts of R u ssian people. She wanted to develop them. C atherine died in She is buried at the P e te r and P a u l C athedral in S t Petersbu rg and is considered one of the great R u ssian ru lers1. B. W hy do you think, people remember Catherine the Great? В Choose Английские синонимы to learn и to study близки по смыслу, однако необходимо знать, как правильно употреблять их в речи. Сравните: learn = 1) приобретать новые знания или опыт Today we've learned something new about our planet. 2) научиться что-либо делать When did you learn to play the piano? 3) узнавать о чём-то Soon he learned that his friend had left their home town. study = 1) изучать какой-либо предмет в школе, университете или самостоятельно I want to study literature at university. 2) внимательно рассматривать что-либо, например карту или текст W e studied the map carefully but didn't find the little village on it. Важно отметить, что глагол to learn часто используется, если речь идёт о практическом овладении предметом или заучивании наизусть: to learn а foreign language, to learn some poetry. В то же время глагол to study употребляется в случае, когда говорится о теоретическом овладении предметом: to study foreign languages, to study poetry. Заметьте также, что глагол to study обычно не используют, если говорят об учёбе в школе или колледже. Более уместны в этом случае выражения to go to school, to be at school (university, college). learn or study to complete the sentences. 1) M y cousin has ju st (learned/studied) a new song. H e s going to sing it at the school concert. 2) I c a re fu lly (learned/studied) the tex t of the le tter before answering it. 3) I f you w ant to (learn/stu d y) m athem atics serio usly, th in k about going to un iversity. 4) Sin ce ancient tim es people have been (learnin g /stud yin g ) the nig h t sky. 1 a ruler ['ru:la] правитель(ница)

65 5) H e le n s d ream is to (le a rn / s tu d y ) b io lo g y a t one o f th e b est u n iv e rs i tie s. 6 ) W h e re d id y o u (le a rn / s tu d y ) to d ance so w e ll? 7) D o yo u fin d it ea sy to (le a rn / s tu d y ) new E n g lis h w o rd s? 8 ) T r y to (le a rn / s tu d y ) m ore ab ou t th e E n g lis h la n g u ag e an d how to use it. 9 ) A t th a t tim e M ic h a e l w as (le a rn in g / s tu d y in g ) to become a d o cto r. Страдательный (пассивный) залог в английском языке употребляется, как правило, с переходными глаголами, то есть с такими глаголами, которые имеют после себя дополнение. I saw him at school yesterday. He w as seen at school yesterday. John told me about it. I w as told about it. Заметьте, что в значении «мне сказали» возможна только английская фраза I w as told. (Соответственно, he w as told ему сказали, she was told ей сказали и т. д.) Глагол say в этом значении не употребляется. Обратите внимание, что если предложение в активном залоге содержит два дополнения, то в пассивном залоге возможны два варианта. 1. They gave Andy an apple. ( The active voice.) An apple was given to Andy. 1 ( The passive voice.) Andy was given an apple. / 2. Someone showed me a new dictionary. ( The active voice.) A new dictionary was shown to me.l ( The passive voice.) I was shown a new dictionary. J При этом второй вариант является более употребительным. I was told a joke. They were asked about the film. Sarah was given two sweets. Bob was shown the new library. Change the active voice into the passive voice w here it is possible. I ) A b e a u tifu l town la y on th e r iv e r. 2 ) Som eone rem em bered these fac ts. 3) T h e v a lle y s tre tc h e d fo r m ile s. 4 ) Pe o p le b u ilt a lo t o f s k y scrap ers in N e w Y o rk. 5) H e show ed m e h is new c a r. 6) A s m a ll p o la r b ear liv e d in th e c it y zoo. 7) M y g ra n n y g ro w s flo w e rs in h e r g arden. 8 ) D ic k tra v e lle d to A u s t r a lia la s t s p rin g. 9 ) W h a t happened in th e class ye ste rd a y? 10) T h ey discovered a sm all islan d in the m iddle o f the lake. I I ) Jam e s gave me a book. 12) W e to ld h er o u r address. Read the sentences and say how present simple passive is formed. Then translate the sentences into Russian. + I am told to com e back a t 5. C o ffee is g ro w n in B r a z il. B u tte r and cheese are made fro m m ilk.

66 A fric a n languages are not u su a lly taught in R u ssian schools. 1 am not included in the team. This poem is not translated in to French.? Are the Hobsons invited to your p arty? Is Eng lish spoken here? W h? W h y are you asked to go there? W h a t kind of music is played in your country at Christm as? Find the sentences in the passive voice in the text and read them out. E v e ry cou n try has some fam ous people whose names are known a ll over the w orld. They are remembered fo r the thin gs they did fo r m ankind. T h e ir books are read, th e ir theories are discussed, th e ir discoveries are adm ired. People want to know details about the lives and works of d ifferen t scientists and athletes, actors, b allet dancers and showmen. Thousands of museums and g alleries are visited in d iffere n t countries. A lo t o f questions are asked and answered and yet tou rists and v isitors w ant to know more. Now adays you can easily fin d such in fo rm ation on the In terne t and we know th a t m illio ns of users look fo r it. G reat and famous people w ill always be interesting for us. Listen, (65), and read. A. brilliant ['bnliant] блестящ ий, восхитительны й contribution [jkdntri'bjuijn] 1) вклад ; 2) взнос enter ['enta] 1) входить в; 2) поступать в учебное заведение; 3) вводить данные в компьютер graduate ['graedjueit] оканчивать (университ ет ) improve [im 'prurv] ул учш ать knowledge [W ild ;] знания opportunity [,Dp9'tju:n3ti] возможность respect [n'spekt] уважение

67 b rillia n t: a b rillia n t scien tist, a b rillia n t career, to have a b rillia n t tim e. W in n in g that race was ju s t b rillia n t. W a s n t it an absolutely b rillia n t idea? contribution: a w onderful contribution, to make a contribution to somethin g. They made a v e ry large con trib ution to the developm ent of this theory. W e w ere asked to make a con trib ution of 25 dollars, enter: 1) to enter the house, to enter the h a ll; 2) to enter a u n ive rsity. I d like to enter this school. The boy was not allowed to enter the room. 3) En ter the inform ation onto the computer. graduate: to graduate from a u n iv e rsity, to graduate from a college. He entered the u n iv e rs ity in 2005 and graduated from it in im prove: to im prove the results, to im prove the perform ance, to im prove education, to im prove educational standards. The w eather has im proved. M y elder brother is alw ays try in g to im prove him self, knowledge: to im prove yo u r knowledge, his knowledge of the facts, not to m y knowledge. I did not have any knowledge of w hat had happened. Y ou should have some knowledge of physics at yo u r age. opportunity: a good opportunity, a b rillia n t opportunity, a fantastic opp o rtu n ity, to take the opp ortunity, to miss the opportunity. Y o u r v is it to London is a w onderful opp ortunity to do the c ity. D on t m iss the opp o rtu n ity to go there. respect: respect fo r somebody/something, to lose respect, to show respect. W e have always shown respect for the law. DO IT ON YOUR OWN И Change the active voice into passive. Write down your sentences. 1) Listeners always adm ire such songs. 2) The children d id n t ask this question. 3) W hen did Columbus discover A m erica? 4) They don t grow such fru it trees in cold countries. 5) They remembered the perform ance for a long tim e. 6) He ate the ice cream in no tim e. 7) D id a fam ous arch itect b uild this palace? 8) A lot of tourists v is it this castle. 9) H e hung his coat on the hook. 10) L ittle Adam broke his toy car. D The active voice or the passive voice? Use the appropriate forms of the verbs and write down the sentences. 1) a)cristopher Columbus (discover) A m erica in b) Nobody knows when this fac t (d iscover). 2) a) The Po st O ffice Tow er in London (b u ild ) in b) It (build ) to make the telephone and television systems of the B r itish cap ital better. c) W ho (build ) the Tretyakov G allery in Moscow? 3) a) The sm all island (not, show) on the map. b) M rs P itk in (not, show) me her garden when I came to v is it her.

68 4) a) M r W o o d riff (p ain t) very good portraits when he was younger. b) A lo t of strange anim als (p a in t) on the w a ll. W e couldn t see a ll of them. 5) a) Jonathan S w ift (w rite ) G u llive r s Travels in the 18th century, b) B attle of the Books (w rite ) by him too. Spell the words. 1) [n'spekt] 3) [im 'prurv] 5) [ppa'tjurnati] 7) ^kdntri'bjmjh] 2) [W licfe] 4) ['enta] 6) ['bnliant] 8) ['graedjueit] Use the new words to complete the sentences. 1) Students show th eir. for the teacher by behaving themselves. 2) H e alw ays worked hard and was a. student, and he. from the un iversity w ith excellent marks in a ll the subjects. 3) W hen did he. college? 4) W e never m iss the. to speak to them. They know so mush. 5) Pu sh k in s. to the development of the R u ssian language is rea lly great. 6) He has really im proved his. of mathem atics. 7) Y o u should. yo u r presentation. Step 4 DO IT TOGETHER Щ A. Look at the portrait. W ho is this man? W hat do you know about him? Listen, (66), to get more information about his life and career. Say what facts were new to you. B. Look at the chart below, listen again, Щр (66), and say which dates are wrong in it. Date Event was born 1803 began his education 1806 entered Moscow U n iversity 1812 graduated from the U n iversity 1817 began his career of a diplom at 1823 finished his famous comedy W oe U m a) from W it (G ore ot 1 an event [ivent] событие

69 1825 was sent to Persia1 (now Ira n ) as a diplom at 1827 was arrested 182Я m arried N in a Chavchavadze, was sent to Teheran [teara:n] to w ork fo r peace between R u ssia and P e rs ia 1829 was killed by nationalists in Persia A. Read the text and complete the sentences after it. Mikhail Lomonosov M ik h a il V a sily e vich Lomonosov ( ) was a Russian scientist and w riter who made im portan t contributions to litera tu re, education and science. Am ong his discoveries was the atmosphere ['aetmasfta] of Venus ['vi:nas]. H is in terests lay in chem istry, physics, optics, geography, histo ry and a rt. H is poetry helped to develop the modern R u ssian language. Lomonosov was born in the v illa g e o f D enisovka (now Lomonosovo) near Kholm ogory in the far north o f R u ssia. H is fath e r, firs t a fisherm an, eventually bought a ship and began transporting things from A rkh angelsk to other places. W h en M ik h a il was ten, his fath e r decided th a t the boy was old enough to help him. H ow ever, young Lomonosov was not interested in the fam ily business. Learn in g was w hat he wanted. H is neighbour had tau gh t him to read and he spent as m uch tim e as he could w ith books, among w hich there was a gram m ar book and a book o f arithm etic. The knowledge he got at home was not enough fo r Lomonosov and in 1730, at nineteen he le ft the villag e and joined a caravan ['kaeravan] travellin g to Moscow. H ere he entered S la v ic G reek L a tin Academy [a'kaedami] and lived on bread and w ater fo r quite a long tim e but made rap id progress ['praugres] as a student. H e completed a tw elve-year stu dy course [ka:s] in on ly fiv e years, and graduated from the Academ y w ith b rillia n t results. A fantastic student, he was given an opportunity to go to Sain t Petersburg U n i versity and later to the U n iversity of M arburg in Germ any. 1 Persia ['рзг^э] Персия

70 The la tter was among Eu rop e s most im portant u n iversities in the 18th century, Lomonosov q u ick ly learned Germ an and developed an in terest in Germ an litera tu re and philosophy. H e seriously studied chem istry and began w ritin g poetry. In G erm any Lom onosov got m arried. The money he got from the R u ssian Academ y of Sciences was not enough fo r his grow ing fam ily and he decided to retu rn to S t Petersburg. A t home he became a member of the Academ y, and soon was made professor [prs'fesa] of chem istry. W is h in g to im prove education in R u ssia he and Count1 Ivan Shuvalov founded Moscow U n iversity. Lom onosov developed a num ber of im portant theories and made some b rillia n t discoveries, wrote poetry some of which is remembered t ill nowadays. 1) Lomonosov was not interested in. a) astronomy b) biology c) litera tu re 2) Lomonosov s fath er. a) sold goods b) bought goods c) delivered2 goods 3) Young Lomonosov left home fo r Moscow because. a) he d id n t have enough books to read b) he wanted to see the w orld c) he wanted to receive a good education 4) Lomonosov was able to get a u n iversity education because. a) the Russian governm ent paid for his studies b) the Germ an government paid fo r his un iversity course c) he worked very hard and paid for him self 5) S t Petersburg U n iversity was founded. a) before Moscow U n iversity b) after Moscow U n iversity c) at the same tim e as Moscow U n iversity B. In the text you've read there are some words you may not know. Thes words are marked. Did you understand their meanings? W hat helped you to understand them: a) the way the words look and sound, b) the context in which they are used, c) both? A. Use the text about Lomonosov and prove3 the following. 1) M ikh ail Lomonosov had wide interests. 2) He was la rg e ly a self-made man. 3) H e was a g ifted student and a fast learner. 1 count [kaunt] граф 2 to deliver [di'liva] доставлять 3 to prove [pru:v] доказывать

71 в 4 ) Lom onosov s co n trib u tio n to education is priceless. 5) H e helped to develop both sciences and arts. B. Give 3 5 good reasons why w e remember and respect Mikhail Lomonosov. Change the active voice into passive. 1) W e fo rm the p assive vo ice w ith the help o f the v e rb to be. 2) Peop le grow oranges in Ita ly. 3) T hey b u ild a lo t of new houses in our cou ntry. 4) Peo p le o ften m ake tab les o f p la s tic ['plaestik]. 5) T h e y tran s la te th e H a rr y P o tte r books in to m an y lang uag es. 6) T h e y don t teach fore ig n languages at th is p rim ary school. 7) They don t show such film s on T V. 8) M y g ran n y doesn t g row tom atoes here. 9 ) Peo p le don t b u ild t a ll b u ild in g s on th is isla n d. 10) W h a t questions does y o u r teach er u s u a lly ask you in class? 11) Do you hear such m elodies here? Обратите внимание на различие предлогов в следующих сочетаниях: to be m ade of и to be made from. Словосоченатие to be made of используется, когда материал, из которого сделан предмет, не подвергался качественной переработке, т. е. не изменил своей сущности (the pen is made of plastic). The castle is made of sand. The bench is made of wood. The bridge is made of stone. The book is made of paper. Словосоченатие to be made from используется, когда материал подвергается переработке и в результате становится чем-то иным. Например, яблоки при варке превращаются в джем: the jam is made from apples. Обычно предлог from используется тогда, когда речь идёт о приготовлении пищи. Butter is made from milk. Borsch is made from different vegetables. This fruit salad is made from apples, plums and apricots. В В A A. Read the list o f words and say w hat G old, stone, s ilv e r, paper, wood, sand. B. Learn some more words belonging nouns. leather ['1ебэ] к о ж а metal ['m etl] м еталл plastic ['plaestik] пластмасса brick [b rik ] к и р п и ч cement [si'm ent] цемент rubber ['гльэ] резина. Read these word combinations. a rub b er b a ll a p la s tic bag a glass w ind ow a b ric k w a ll a cem ent flo o r a m etal spoon makes them similar. to the same category of material wool [w u l] ш ер сть cotton ['kdtn] хлоп ок silk [silk ] ш ё л к glass [g la:s] стекло cardboard ['ka:dbd:d] кар тон china ['tjaina] фарфор a ch in a ju g a cardb oard box a s ilk blouse a w ool sw eater a co tton s h irt a leath er belt

72 В. Say what these things are usually or often made of. E xam ple: M atryoshka dolls are usually made of wood Use o f or from to complete the sentences. 1) Is yo u r new s k irt made. wool or cotton? 2) A s everybody knows, Pinocchio was made. wood. 3) This tasty cocktail is made. m ilk, ice cream and fr u it ju ice. 4) W e have made this ju ice. fresh oranges. 5) A lo t o f old cottages in Scotland are made. stone. 6) In A s ia they often use tables and chairs made. bamboo. 7) M y grandm other s jam made. plums is rea lly nice, we often have it fo r tea. 8) W atch es made. gold are v e ry expensive. 9) W h a t is th is soup made. 10) The boat was not heavy because it was made. rubber.

73 DO IT OIU YOUR OWN Write answers to these questions. 1) W h a t are books u su ally made o f? 2) W h a t are bottles u su ally made of? 3) W h at are m ilk jugs usually made of? 4) W h a t are cottages usua lly made o f? 5) W h a t are shoes and bags u su ally made o f? 6) W h a t are m ittens, scarves and jumpers u su ally made o f? 7) W h a t is b u tter made from? 8) W h a t is jam made from? 9) W h a t is omelette made from? 10) W h at is soup usually made from? B3 Make up and write down ten true sentences. 1) W in e 2) Coffee 3) Books 4) Gold 5) Lem ons 6) Tea 7) R in g s 8) Bridg es 9) F ish in g villag es 10) W ild flowers Spell these words. is/ are 1) ['1ебэ] 4) [wul] 2) ['гльэ] 5) [gla:s] 3) ['kdtn] 6) [si'ment] often/ usu ally 7) [brik] 8) ['plaestik] 9) [silk] grown, made of/ made from, found stone. in rive rs. in the m ountains. in w arm countries. grapes. in the field s. on sea shores. cardboard and paper. in La tin A m erica and A fric a. m etal. 10) ['m etl] 11) ['ka:dbd:d] f f l Be ready to speak about Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov. Say why we remember him. Step 5 DO IT TOGETHER Listen to three speakers, Ю (67), and match the statements (awhat they say. There is one statement you don't have to use. -d) with

74 * a) The speaker says that all the tra ve lle r s voyages were d ifficu lt. I b) The speaker says that the traveller was not loved by one nation I but was adm ired by another. I c) The speaker says that the traveller was not born in England. I d) The speaker says the traveller didn t die in his native country. A Read the following word combinations. a frie n d ly atm osphere a fam ily atm osphere a cosy atm osphere a fam ily business a grow ing business a successful business a course of En g lish a course of Germ an a u n iversity course to transpo rt goods to transpo rt people to transpo rt food rapid progress slow progress to make progress modern philosophy ancient philosophy his philosophy of life B. Make up sentences of your own with some of these word combinations. You know the words in column A. Read the examples and decide what the words in column В mean. A. B. b rillia n t a con trib ution to enter to graduate to im prove knowledge respect b rillia n tly ['briliantli] to contribute [kan'tribjuit] an entrance [entrans] a graduate ['graedjuat] an im provem ent [im'pru:vmant] knowlegeable ['ndhdjabl] respected [ri'spektid] respectable [ri'spektabl] respect [ri'spekt] 1) Jo e is a very gifted actor. He plays each of his roles brilliantly. 2) Some businesses contributed money to rebuild the museum. 3) I ll meet you at the cen tral entrance to the theatre at six o clock. 4) M a ry s elder b rother is a graduate of M oscow State U n iv e rs ity. 5) There has been an improvement in the co u n try s economy. 6) M y father is one of the most knowlegeable people I ve ever met, I thin k he has answers to all questions. 7) M r Johnes was a respected member of his club. 8) E v eryone knows th a t Elizab eth leads a p erfectly respectable life. 9) W e all respect him fo r his devotion to his children. A. How much do you know about Benjamin Franklin? Share the information you have with the others. B. Read the text and match the paragraphs with their titles (a f). There is one title you don't have to use.

75 I a) B ra v e and G ifted Scie n tist b) A b le P u p il I c) Teacher of L ife W isdom I d) M an of M any Interests I e) P o litic ia n and Ed u cator I f) A G reat T raveller 1) Benjam in F ran k lin ( ) lived in A m erica at about the same tim e as M ik h a il Lom onosov in R u ssia. They both belonged to the A ge of En lig h ten m en t1. F ran k lin was a w riter, publisher, scientist, diplom at ['diplamset] and p o litician [p o li'tijn ]. H e was among the most fam ous and respected people of his tim e. H e was, probably, the firs t selfmade man in Am erica. 2) F ra n k lin s fam ily im m igrated to A m erica from Eng lan d, his fathe r was a candle-maker. Though Benjam in was self-educated, he was well-read and had learned a lot from Enligh tenm en t w riters. W h ile he was s till young, he tau gh t him self languages. D u rin g his whole life F ran k lin worked hard and carefully to im prove his knowledge and character. 3) N ever selfish, Fran klin tried to help other people to become successfu l and w rote a self-help book Po or R ic h a rd s A lm an ack. The book became v e ry popular and made F ran k lin q uite rich and well-known in the A m erican colonies. The Almanack is fu ll of useful in fo rm ation and has a lo t of clever sayings. H ere are some examples: God helps them th a t help them selves. E a r ly to bed and ea rly to rise, makes a M an healthy, w ealthy2 and w ise. 4) Fran klin believed in experim ental science. He tried to explain the natu re of e le ctric ity. Once he decided to show that lig h tn in g 3 is a form of e le ctric ity w ith the help of an experim ent. H e flew a k ite during a storm and showed that e le c tric ity got from the k ite to the m etal key4 on the other end of the cord5. 5) F ran k lin understood ea rly the power of words. H e became one of the people who worked on the U. S. C onstitution [,kdnsti'tju:^n], w hich played such an im portant role in the co u n try s h istory. In his la te r years this tru ly great man did his best to prove that education m ust be given free to everybody in the country. C. Find in the text words and word combinations which mean the same as the following: 1) people for whom others have respect; 2) a man who became successful w ithout anybody s help; 3) to come to a cou ntry to make yo u r life and home there; 1 the Age of Enlightenment [in'laitnmant] эпоха Просвещения 2 wealthy ['welgi] состоятельный 3 lightning ['laitniq] молния 4 key [ki:] ключ 5 cord [ko:d] проволока, шнур

76 4) a book th a t comes out every year and gives some useful in fo rm atio n ; 5) b rig h t lig h t th a t you see in the sk y d u rin g a storm ; 6) the m ost im po rtan t law s and ru les of a cou n try put together; 7) w ith o u t p ayin g an y m oney. Compare Lomonosov and Franklin. Exam ple: L ik e Lom onosov, F ra n k lin d id n t come fro m a ric h fam ily. U n lik e Lom onosov, F ra n k lin d id n t h ave a u n iv e rs ity educatio n. ыке в страдательном залоге часто употребляются глаголы, которые требуют после себя предлога: to take about, to send for, to listen to, to look at, to think of, to look after (присматривать за), to laugh at, to speak to/about, to look for (искать), to wait for. В страдательном залоге эти предлоги всегда сохраняются: Не is much spoken about. О нём много говорят. The doctor was sent for. За доктором послали. She is often waited for. Её часто ждут. Such jokes are not laughed at. Над такими шутками не смеются. Are the children looked after? За детьми присматривают? John wasn't spoken to. С Джоном не говорили. Обратите внимание на различие предлогов by и with в предложениях, где глагол используется в страдательном залоге: The tower was built by a famous architect. Башню построил известный архитектор. The toy tower was built w ith a lot of tiny instruments. Башенку построили при помощи крошечных инструментов. A. How can you say the same using the passive voice? 1) People speak m uch about th is film. 2) They spoke to M r D avidson. 3) M y cousin looks a fte r m y pet. 4) People laughed at him. 5) They sent fo r m y parents. 6) The boy is so unusual, everybody looks at him. 7) People often ask fo r such d ictio n aries. 8) Nobody spoke to me in such a w ay. 9) People ju st don t ta lk about such thin gs. 10) I m sure th at nobody listened to H a rry. B. Complete the sentences using b y or w ith. 1. The show was enjoyed. everyone. 2. The C hristm as tree was decorated. lig h ts, flag s and toys. 3. The tow n was destroyed. the enem y. 4. W h o is th e s to ry tran s la ted. 5. The houses w ere b u ilt. the help o f the g overnm en t. 6. T h e p rim a ry school w as b u ilt. th e m oney th a t cam e fro m an un know n gentlem an. 7. The carpet w as made. sm all pieces o f s ilk, cotton and w ool. 8. The clu b w as created. th e th ree brothers. 9. The club was b u ilt. the C anadian technology. 10. In A n c ie n t G reece th is m u sic w as alw ays p layed. a h o rn. 11. The p o rrid g e was eaten. little H ue. It was eaten. a tea spoon.

77 A. Say what they are usually made of. tables and chairs ch ild ren s toys scissors tennis balls m obile phones windows modern cars excercise books rings and earrings bags and handbags buildings scarves B. Remember your favourite dish or drink and say what it is made from. Example: I like hot sandwiches. They are made from bread, cheese, ham and tomatoes. vith the missing prepositions. 1) N ot a ll new books are m uch spoken. 2) Nobody likes it when they are not listened. 3) The new toy was looked. and forgotten. 4) The new museum is visited. thousands of people. 5) This dish is eaten. a spoon. 6) The game is played. a b all and two rackets. 7) The Head Teacher was spoken. and the decision was rap id ly made. 8) Don t take too long, remem ber that yo u re w aited. 9) These b eau tifu l flow ers are grown. m y younger sister. 10) The p icture was coloured. felttip s. 11) The old castle was made. stone. 12) I made the d rin k. w a ter, sugar and orange ju ice. Use the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences. 1) The book (w rite ) in the previous century. 2) Not long ago this story (te ll) by a famous traveller. 3) W e (ju st buy) her a p air of skates as a b irth d ay present. 4) The child (look) fo r his toy everywhere but couldn t find it. 5) The music (play) by a big orchestra tom orrow. 6) The other day the team (w in ) the game quite easily. 7) Last week the dog (fin d ) on the road not fa r from the village. 8) Such cakes (make) and (decorate) fo r Easter. 9) They (clean) the room v e ry ca re fu lly two or three tim es a week. 10) W h a t vegetables (grow ) by these farm ers in the fu tu re? Continue these sentences. 1) W e a ll respect our frien d because. 2) W hen Liza becomes a u n iversity graduate, she. 3) There s some im provem ent in his English, he. 4) Everyb o d y contributed one or two poems to. 5) He sang b rillia n tly and the audience. 6) Y ou need to be quite knowlegeable to become. 7) H is great-grandfather was a respected man in. 8) Excuse me, where is the entrance to the g allery? I. Spell these words. 1) [n'spektid] 3) ['graedjuat] 5) ['entrans] 7) ['briliantli] 2) [kan'tribju:t] 4) ['ndidjabl] 6) [im'prurvmant] 8) [ri'spektabl]

78 DO IT TOGETHER Listen, (68), and say which facts are true, false or not stated. 1) Nelson s personal name is H oratio [ha'reijiau]. a) true b) false c) not mentioned 2) N elson was k illed in a) true b) false c) not mentioned 3) N elson took p art in the w ars against France, a) true b) false c) not mentioned 4) Nelson became captain of a ship at the age of tw enty, a) true b) false c) not mentioned 5) Napoleon s arm y didn t come to B rita in thanks to Nelson s victories, a) tru e b) false c) not m entioned 6) In the wars Nelson lost his left hand and eye. a) tru e b) false c) not m entioned A. Who do you think a role model is? Read the word entry from Macmillan English Dictionary and say if you understood this word combination in the same way. role model noun [C ] someone whose behaviour is considered to be a good example fo r other people to copy B. Listen to the dialogue, A (69), and explain why Ann has chosen her elder sister as a role model. A Role Model A n n : Y ou know, Irene, yesterday we were asked to w rite about role models. Irene'. Role models? I wonder who you wrote about. Let me think. I m sure you chose H elen, your elder sister as a role model. A n n : You are righ t. How did you guess? Irene. It was rather easy indeed. You often say you adm ire Helen for her talents.

79 A n n : T h a t s true. She is good at so m any thin gs. She is interested in foreign languages and litera tu re, she often goes to the cinema and to the theatre, she reg u la rly v is its p icture galleries and museums. She tells me so m any in terestin g things. Irene: I lik e H elen too. She is v e ry kind and caring and she is alw ays ready to help but I think a role model must be older and more im portan t. Ann: R e a lly? I have never thought this w ay. W h o can be yo u r role model then? Irene: W e ll, maybe some fam ous scien tist or trav e lle r, somebody who has achieved a lo t, who has been successful and who has done much fo r th eir country. Ann: That sounds logical. B u t I thin k a role model can be anybody who you respect and w ant to copy1. Read the sentences and say how future passive is formed. Then translate the sentences into Russian. + A n n will be invited to the p arty. The room will be cleaned tom orrow. The fru it will be bought on Sunday. Tom won t be helped. The letter won t be sent tom orrow. The cake won t be made by granny.? Will flow ers be grown here? Will the tickets be brought in the m orning? Will the sto ry be translated soon? W h? W hen will the car be washed? W h y will the le tter be written in Fren ch? W here will the flowers be planted? Say the same in a different way. Use the passive voice. 1) W e ll remember the play. 2) People heard a loud noise in the garden. 3) A nn won t clean the carpet tom orrow. 4) She w ill do it next Sa tu r day. 5) W h a t w ill you grow in the kitchen garden is summ er? 6) I won t forget yo u r help. 7) They speak only En g lish in th e ir club. 8) They did not include a ll endangered birds on the lis t. 9) They w ill make a new discovery soon. 10) W ill somebody draw the emblem of our club? 1 to copy ['kr>pi] подражать

80 Listen, ^ (70), and read. A. death [deg] смерть, гибель d uty ['dju:ti] долг, обязанность event [iv ent] событие responsible [ri'spnnssbl] ответственный sense [sens] 1) чувство; 2) смы сл sensible [ sensabl] разум ны й, благоразумный share [jea] делить, разделять wisdom [ wizdam] мудрость В. death: an ea rly death, a trag ic death. H e was saved from an alm ost certain death. H er death came at the age of 86. duty: a fa m ily d u ty, to do one s d u ty, to have a d uty. I t s a d u ty of every team member to do th e ir best. H e fe lt it was his m oral d u ty to help his neighbour. event: a happy event, a h istoric event, to celebrate an event. W h a t were the m ain events o f the school year? Today is B e n s b irth d ay and there w ill be a p arty to celebrate the event. responsible: to be/become responsible for something, fully/ w h olly responsible. They are responsible fo r the cooking. W h o is responsible fo r the m istake? I knew Jan e as a very responsible person. sense: 1) a great/strong/deep sense, a sense of d u ty, a sense of hum our. Though he can t see, he learns a lo t through his other senses. 2) common sense, to make (no) sense. W h a t Ja c k tells us makes no sense, sensible: sensible words, sensible behaviour, sensible clothes, sensible shoes. Keeping a d iary was a sensible th in g to do. share: to agree to share, to share among the children, to share the cake between the friends. E ve ry tim e he comes back home he shares his im pressions of the trip w ith us. W e shared the money between the two of us. wisdom : great wisdom, words of wisdom. He doesn t have enough w isdom to become a p o litician. Match the words in columns A and В and complete the sentences (1 7). A. B. common I the money responsible wisdom sensible death share event ea rly j sense h istoric job unusual j answer 1) It is. to use an um brella1 when it rains. 2) I think I can. w ith you, because I ve got it fo r m y job. 3) H is. was a shock to everybody in the fam ily. Jam es was so young and so strong. 4) The discovery of A m erica in 1492 is an im portant. fo r the A m erican nation. 5) Bein g a queen, a king or a president is a. 6) She gave a v e ry. to his rather s illy question. 7) The child s. surprised us. 1 an umbrella [лт'ьге1э] зонтик

81 Giving Opinion В жизни нам часто приходится высказывать своё мнение по тому или иному поводу, а также соглашаться или не соглашаться с мнением собеседника. Полезно научиться делать это корректно. Giving your opinion I think. I believe. In my view. It seems to me. In my opinion. To my mind. As I see it. If you ask me. Agreeing That's just what I think. Yes, that's true. I fully agree. I couldn't agree more. I'm of the same opinion. Disagreeing I see what you mean but. It may be right but. Well, I'm not so sure. I'm afraid I can't agree with you here. I shouldn't (wouldn't) say so (say that. ) Not at all! 81 St e p 6 D Agree or disagree with the following. 1) In m y opinion, reading books has become old-fashioned. 2) A s I see it there is no place lik e home. 3) If you ask me, the m ankind has no fu tu re. 4) It seems to me th a t w atch ing T V is the best entertainm ent. 5) I believe we m ust im prove the ecology in our cou ntry. 6) In m y view, everybody should be responsible fo r th e ir own health. 7) I th in k weak people are not easy to respect. 8) To m y m ind ric h people are alw ays greedy. 9) In m y view, wisdom comes w ith age, nobody is born w ise. DO IT ON YOUR OW N ПРИ.m U Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box. Use them in present, past or future simple passive. b u ry, respect, m ake, adm ire, con trib ute, share, im prove, stu dy 1) The b e a u tifu l S t P a u l s C ath e d ral alw ays. b y to u ris ts. 2) The fa mous novel W a r and Peace by Leo Tolstoy. next year. 3) M an y R u s sian tsars. in P e te r and P a u l C athedral in the previous centuries. 4) The m oney w e ve got. betw een us n ex t S a tu rd a y. 5) I am su re th a t such people n e ve r. in th e p ast, n e ve r. now and n e ve r. in the fu tu re. 6) I don t know w hen th is d isco ve ry. 7) I m su re o u r p roject. some day. 8) A lo t of p ictures. to our school newspaper last week.

82 a Complete the questions with the right prepositions. about, a fter, fo r, o ff, to 82 St e p 7 1) W ill the children be seen. at the airp ort? 2) W ho is usually w aited. W h o alw ays arrive s la st? 3) W h o are yo u r pets and pot flow ers looked. when you are aw ay? 4) W e re these events spoken. 5) W h a t is this lad y adm ired. 6) W ill our luggage be seen. 7) L ittle Tom was not listened. though he was speaking about v e ry im portant things. Spell these words. 1) [de0] 3) Цеэ] 5) [iv ent] 7) ['sensabl] 2) ['dju:ti] 4) [sens] 6) [ri'spdnsabl] 8) ['wizdam] Choose a world-famous person and get ready to speak about him/her. Say if he or she is a role model for many people and explain why. Consider the follow ing: 1) name, age, occupation, place of livin g ; 2) the good example he/she gives; 3) personal ch aracteristics; 4) yo u r opinion o f the person. Step 7 DO IT TOGETHER И ^Fa Щ Listen to what different people say about Queen Victoria, (71), and match the speakers (1 5) with the statements (a f). There is one statement you don't have to use.

83 в I a) The speaker ex p lain s w h y the Q ueen s f irs t nam e w as n ever used o ffic ia lly. b ) The speaker te lls us about the Queen s e a rly years. I c) The speaker gives general in fo rm atio n about the years she was the ru le r of the co u n try and characterizes her as a m onarch. I d) The speaker tells us about Queen V ic to ria s fa m ily life. I e) The speaker talk s about the end of Queen V ic to ria s era. I f ) The speaker talk s about Queen V ic to ria s jubilees. Read the word combinations. responsible fo r th e w o rk responsible fo r th e p erform ance responsible fo r everyth in g a sensible p rice a sensible an sw er sensible b ehaviour fe s tiv a l events sports events p o litic a l even ts a sense o f d u ty a sense o f tim e a sense of hum our su re death tra g ic death c e rta in d eath to share food to share im pressio ns to share know ledge h a rd d u ties p leasan t d u ties m oral duties to m ake sense to h ave sense comm on sense people s w isdom an cie n t w isdom w ords o f w isdom Ha bene The Verb Модальные глаголы (must, should, can) или их эквивалент (have to) часто употребляются с конструкциями в страдательном залоге (the passive voice), при этом предложения строятся по следующей схеме: [модальный глагол] + [be] + [V3] The letter must be written. Письмо должно быть написано. The answer should be given. Ответ следует дать. The record can be listened to. Пластинку можно послушать. The books have to be returned to the library. Книги необходимо вернуть в библиотеку. The text must be translated. Текст должен быть переведён. В Complete the sentences with the given verbs in active or passive forms. 1) K e v in should (te ll) about it as soon as possible3. 2) T h is le tte r m ust (answ er) at once. 3) Fred has to (te ll) about the m eeting. 4) T h is tex t 1 an era ['югэ] эра 2 a jubilee ['cfeu:bili:] юбилей 3 as soon as possible как можно скорее

84 can (translate) into Chinese. 5) Tom should (in vite ) to the party. 6) C h ildren should (teach) to speak p o litely. 7) I t s too hot. M ilk m ust (keep) in the frid g e. 8) The film can (show) a fter lunch. 9) This fact m ust (exp lain ) to the students. 10) The text m ust (read) by the children. Королева Елизавета Вторая является главой Великобритании и одновременно главой так называемого Содружества Наций (Commonwealth, или Commonwealth of Nations). В Содружество входят более 50 независимых государств, когда-то составлявших Британскую империю. Содружество создано для развития дружеских и торговых связей между этими странами. Королева Елизавета носит следующий официальный титул: "Her Most Excellent Majesty Elizabeth the Second by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her Other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith". (Её Величество Елизавета II, Божией милостью Соединённого Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии и иных своих царств и территорий Королева, Глава Содружества, защитница веры). A. Read the text and answer the questions after it. Give a title to the text. In 2012 the Diam ond1 Ju b ile e of Queen Elizabeth I I was celebrated. A lot of events devoted to the J u bilee took place in the U K and abroad: d ifferen t countries w ere visited by the Queen and other members of the R o y a l2 F a m ily, big lunches were g iven across the U K, people were asked to share th e ir stories of the last 60 years to make a digital g ift to H e r M ajesty the Queen. W h a t makes her such a special person? Queen Elizab eth has been on the throne fo r over 60 years. She was born in London in A p ril H e r father came to the throne as George V I in Young Elizab eth and her sister M argaret were educated at home. H er studies m ostly included h isto ry, language, litera tu re and m usic. People who knew her as a ch ild remem ber her love of anim als, especially dogs and horses. They described her as a v e ry responsible, sensible and well-behaved g irl. D u rin g the Second W o rld W a r Prin cess Elizab eth trained as a d riv e r and mechanic [mi'kaemk] because she wanted to help her cou ntry and g ive a good example. In 1947, Princess Elizab eth m arried P rin ce P h ilip, her third cousin, w ith whom she had been in love since the age of 13. W ith her husband she had four children: Charles, Anne, A n drew and Edw ard. She came to the throne a fter her fath e r s death in The tim e she was a Queen was not cloud 1 diamond ['daiamand] бриллиант; бриллиантовый 2 royal ['гэ!э1] королевский

85 less. It included a num ber of local w ars, problems in her ch ild ren s fam ilies, the death of her daughter-inlaw D iana, Prin cess of W ale s. The Queen had to face criticism ['kntisizm] of the R o ya l F a m ily from the press, but she is s till a v e ry popular m onarch. People respect her fo r her devotion to her cou ntry and a ll the w ork she does fo r it. Everyon e knows about the Queen s sense of d u ty, her unselfishness and wisdom. M any people believe th a t she is a unique [ju'ni:k] personality as w ell as a sucessful head of the state. 1) W h a t events devoted to the Queen s Ju b ile e are m entioned in the tex t? 2) W ho was on the throne before Queen Elizabeth II? 3) W h at do we learn about the Queen s young years? 4) H ow long had Prin cess Elizab eth been in love w ith Prince P h ilip before they got m arried? 5) W h a t w ere some of the problems the Queen had to face d uring her reig n? 6) W h at makes Queen Elizabeth a popular m onarch? В A. B. The marked words in the text are probably new to you. Did you understand what they mean? W hat helped you to understand their meanings: a) the way the words look and sound, b) the context in which they are used, c) both? Say what you know about: 1) the Queen s personal life ; 2) the advantages and the disadvantages of the Queen s job ; 3) the Queen s Diamond Jub ilee. B. Work in pairs or in small groups and make a list of a monarch's duties as you see them. Compare your lists and decide whose thinking was the most realistic.,l. щяшт. После некоторых глаголов английского языка: look (выглядеть), seem, appear, taste, smell (пахнуть), sound, feel, в отличие от русского языка, не могут следовать наречия, после них используются прилагательные. Сравни: Russian English Музыка звучит громко. The music sounds loud [laud]. Джон выглядит молодо. John looks young. Алиса чувствует себя плохо. Alice feels bad, she doesn't feel well/good. (В последнем примере well является старой формой прилагательного.) Обратите внимание на различия в значениях глагола to look. Jane looks sad. (После look следует прилагательное.) Джейн выглядит грустной. Jane looked at me sadly. (После look следует наречие.) Джейн посмотрела на меня грустно.

86 86 т г+ ф тз N1 Complete the sentences with one of the verbs seem, look, sound, taste, smell or feel in the appropriate forms. 1) H ow are you. tod ay? I m fin e, thank you. In fact I ve never. better. 2) The w ater. so cold. I don t thin k I ll swim today. 3) I can. something nice cooking in the kitchen. W h a t s fo r dinner? 4) The language they are speaking. strange. I m sure it s not a E u ropean language. 5) Evening came. It was very quiet. The a ir. of grasses and flow ers. 6) W h a t s the m atter w ith George today? He. very unhappy. 7) The cake. lovely. M ay I have another piece, please? 8) I don t lik e the m usic, it. so sad! 9) H ello, Jane! You. wonderful today. 10) The ch ild. v e ry young. I don t believe he is ten years old. Q Get ready to speak about your own role model. Don't forget to write an outline of what you are going to say. DO IT ON YOUR OWN Choose the appropriate words to complete the sentences. 1) Please speak (quiet/quietly). 2) I can t understand why you can t be (q u iet/q u ietly) when you see Rex. 3) Tom doesn t lik e the porridge, he says it tastes (unpleasant/unpleasantly). 4) Doris sm iled (unpleasant/unp leasan tly) and looked at me. 5) I feel (bad/badly), I have a terrib le headache. 6) Bob cooks (good/well), he is a (good/well) cook. 7) Ja n e looks (unhappy/unhappily). W h a t s the m atter? 8) R a lp h looked at me (unhappy/unhappily) and said he was sorry. 9) The song sounded rather (pleasant/pleasantly). 10) The lilies-of-the-valley sm elt so (sweet/sweetly). Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use the verbs in active or passive forms. 1) Y our friend (should, give) some unusual present fo r his 20th b irth day. 2) M ilk (m ust, keep) in a frid g e. D on t you know? 3) I trie d but I (couldn t, open) the window. 4) Someone (have to, take) the ch ild home. H e (can t, leave) here alone. 5) This new book (m ust, read). I t s wonderful! 6) They (shouldn t, spend) so much tim e in fro nt of the television. Complete these sentences and write them down. Use the verbs from the box. read, in vite, spend, w rite, forget, v is it 1) These letters have to be. 2) The money m ay be. 3) Y o u r frien d should be.

87 4) This w onderful book m ust be. 5) The idea m ay be. 6) A t the moment the country can t be. ЦЦ Celebrating anniversaries1 is an old tradition which appeared in the Middle Ages. It is very popular nowadays. Match the years and the anniversary titles. Ask your parents or relatives for help if necessary. Y e a r A n n ive rsa ry T itle Y e a r A n n iv e rsa ry T itle Step 8 Consolidation and Extension DO IT TOGETHER D Listen to five people speaking about world-famous painters, < f t (72), and match the speakers (1 5) with the statements (a f). There is one statement you don't have to use. I a) The speaker says that th is p ain ter lived in the 15th century and was a man of m any talents. I b) The speaker says that this painter died very young. 8 c) The speaker says that th is p ain ter d id n t spend the last years of his life in his m otherland. 1 an anniversary ^aeni'vsisari] годовщина

88 d ) T h e sp eaker says th a t n e a rly a ll w o rks o f th is p a in te r a re in th e c o u n try w here he was born. e) T h e sp ea k er says th a t th is p a in te r g ot h is f irst stu d io fro m h is fa th e r and m o th er. f ) T h e sp eaker says th a t th e p a in te r b e gan h is c a re e r m u ch la te r th a n he show ed h is tale n t. T h e H a y W a in 1 T h e B a s k e t o f B re a d A le x a n d e r M ad o n n a L it t a T h e S c re a m 2 P u s h k in В со ставе м н о ги х а н гл и й с к и х и м ён с у щ е с тв и те л ьн ы х м о ж н о встр ети ть суф ф и ксы -dom, -hood, -ship, -ism. -dom k in g d o m ко р о левство free d o m свобода w isd o m м уд р ость boredom с к у к а -ship le a d e rs h ip р уко во д ство, п ер вен ство p a rtn e rs h ip п ар тн ёр ство frie n d s h ip д р уж б а re la tio n s h ip родство, отн ош ен и е -hood ch ild h o o d д етство b roth e rh o o d б р атство bab yhood м л ад ен чество neighbourhood окр естн о сть, соседство -ism rac is m р аси зм o p tim ism о п ти м и зм p a trio tis m п а тр и о ти зм to u ris m тур и зм 1 The H ay W a in «Воз сена» 2 The Scream «Крик»

89 Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right. A. 1) I am surprised at her. 2) There were a lot of parks in the. 3) He thought he would die of. livin g in the cou ntry. 4) W e are a group of people who have the same interests. W e belong to one. 5) They have enough. to forget about th e ir fig ht. 6) H is. is absolutely clearly seen. 7) W e would like to be free and we shall fig h t fo r our. 8) Once upon a tim e there lived a cruel king in his cheerless. 9) The tim e of w ar is a great test of people s 10) W e can speak about a new. between the two countries. 11) T h e ir. can be admired. 12) W h a t games did you like to p lay in your f id eal neighbour bore b roth er w ise leader free k ing p a trio t rela tio n frien d ch ild B. Last year O laf graduated from the un iversity. He was a very (1). young man, (2). enough, sense, knowledge and fa irly (3). B u t not all the people in the respect, (4). liked him. M any of the (5). said O laf neighbour, v illa g e thought only about him self and they d id n t feel his (6). into the life of th eir com m unity. I am sure th ey d id n t feel much (7). fo r the con trib ute adm ire man, but in m y view he had begun to change and I could see some (8). in his (9). w ith im prove, relation the people. I hope O laf w ill have enough (10). to see that he is one of us. w ise A. Look at the picture. Do you know this man? W hat do you know about him? Steve Jobs ( ), an Am erican businessman, one of the founders of Apple In c1. Company, is also known as Father of the D ig ital Revolu tio n. H e was born in San Francisco to two u n iv e rsity students who were unm arried then and couldn t support th e ir baby. The boy was adopted2 at b irth by P a u l Reinhold Jo b s and C lara Jo b s who became lo ving and caring parents fo r Steve. P a u l tau gh t him some elem entary electronics and how to w ork w ith his hands. C lara tau gh t Steve to read before he w ent to school. 1 Inc = Incorporated 2 to adopt [a'dopt] усыновлять или удочерять ребёнка

90 Though Steve often found school boring, he was known as a gifted student. W h ile in high school1, he met some people who shared his interests in electronics. One of them was Stephen W ozniak. In 1976 Job s and Wozniak form ed th e ir own business. They named it A pple Computer Company in remem brance of a happy summer Job s had spent picking apples. Everyone agrees that it was S teve s character and in te llect th a t helped to make the company w hat it was. He was ce rta in ly the heart and soul2 of the company and its public face. Steve was responsible for designing [di'zamirj] new products, m arketing and fin d in g the best possible people for the company. U nd er his leadership the company had the greatest success in business h isto ry and developed such world-famous products as im ac, itunes, ip o d, iphone, ip a d and m any others. Steve Jo b s was a p erfectio n ist. N oth ing was ever good enough fo r him it had to be perfect. It seemed th a t he worked 24 hours a day. This devotion to w ork and great in terest in it helped him to become a real w inner and achieve great results w orking together w ith his team. Steve loved songs by Bob D ylan and was a great fan of The Beatles. This is w hat he once said about them, They were fou r guys who. balanced each other. A n d the total was greater than the sum of the parts. G reat things in business are never done by one person, they are done by a team of people. He said that from that point of view The Beatles were a model for him. B. The words that are marked in the text may be new to you. Did you understand their meanings? W hat helped you to understand the words: a) the way they look and sound, b) the context in which they are used, c) both? C. Complete these statements. 1) Steve Jo b s was. a) the head of a big company b) a fam ous scien tist c) not the only founder of a big company 2) Steve Jo b s interests lay in. a) producing hi-tech equipment b) im proving the old models of computers c) finding new m arkets for the company s mobile phones 3) Steve Jo b s was a. a) good frien d b) good public speaker c) hard w orker 4) The word p erfectio n ist means a. a) p erfect personality b) person tryin g to achieve the best results c) person who alw ays w ins 1 high school в США старшие классы средней школы 2 soul [soul] душа

91 5) Steve Jo b s believed in. a) a great role of a leader b) being a w inner c) joining w ith other people in doing work A. Choose the words that can describe Steve Jobs. a role model a founder of a successful company a modern public fig u re the h eart and soul of the company a p erfectio nist a man of character the company s public face a man who knew w hat he wanted a man devoted to his w ork B. Speak about Steve Jobs. Mention the following: his fam ily and ea rly years; his firs t interest in electronics; A pple Computer Company; his resp onsib ilities in the company; his special talents; w hat helped him to achieve success. a genius a successful designer a discoverer of talents a talented businessm an a lo ver of m usic a team p layer a true leader a w orkaholic a real in tellectua l Постарайтесь запомнить и использовать фразовые глаголы с ядерны м элементом put. (clow n)^ ^ ^ r ( o f f ) (P U T ' o u t/ "' ^ * < u p (w ith )) 1) to put dow n записать 2) to put o ff отлож ить, отсрочить I ll have to put down your names. 3) to put out погасить огонь, вы клю чить свет Jim has been p u ttin g o ff his work fo r years. 4) to put up w ith som ething м ириться с чем-либо Please don t forget to put the fire out before you leave. I w ill not put up w ith your bad behaviour any longer.

92 Use the words from the box to complete the sentences. down, out, o ff, up 1) I was try in g to put. the moment when I would have to leave. 2) I don t w ant to put. w ith this situatio n any more. 3) Please put your cig arette. W e don t smoke in here. 4) She put the lig h t. and went to bed. 5) N ever put. t ill tomorrow w hat you can do today. 6) Y ou are sure to forget his address if you don t put it. 7) Bad language shouldn t be put. w ith. 8) I ve just put. the names of all the ch ildren in the club. 9) P u t a ll the candles. please. I t s tim e to fin ish the p arty. 10) H ow can you put. w ith a ll th is noise? L e t s ask your neighbours to be a little quieter. Answer these questions to give your opinions. 1) W h a t people are u su ally respected and adm ired? 2) Is it possible to im prove yo u r knowledge of E n g lis h? W h a t, in yo u r view, are the best w ays to achieve this resu lt? 3) W h ic h of yo u r frien d s, in yo u r opinion, contributes a lo t to the after-school a c tiv itie s? W h a t do they do? 4) Can you say a few words about the latest most in terestin g sports or c u ltu ral event? 5) Do you know any u n iv e rs ity graduates? W h o are they? W h en, in your view, did they graduate from the u n iv e rs ity? 6) W h a t person can you call responsible? Do you know such people? 7) H ave you ever fe lt a m ixture of feelings about som ething? W h at feelings were they? 8) H ave you ever fe lt adm iration fo r somebody or som ething? W h en and w hy did it happen? 9) W h a t are parents duties and ch ild ren s duties as you see them? 10) Do you always try to use opportunities that life offers you? Can you g ive an exam ple? A. Match the parts of the proverbs in the two columns. Say what makes them all alike. Comment on one of the proverbs and illustrate it with a short story. A. B. 1) The b ull a) are made in heaven1. 2) Rome b) should be seen and not heard. 3) W e ll begun c) is not so black as he is painted. 4) C hildren d) w ill soon be caught that nibbles2 at every b ait3. 5) M en e) are known by the company they keep 6) The d evil f ) are soon parted. 7) The fish g) is h alf done. 8) A fool and his money h) m ust be taken by the horns4. 9) M arriages i) was not b uilt in a day. 1 heaven ['hevan] небо, небеса 2 nibble ['nibl] надкусывать 3 bait [beit] наживка 4 a horn [ho:n] рог

93 DO IT ON YOUR OWN В Paraphrase these word combinations using of or from. Write down the sentences you get. Exam ple: A glass jug. The ju g is made of glass. Apple jam. The jam is made from apples. 1) Pap er money; 2) china vase; 3) fu r coat; 4) vegetable salad; 5) m etal ring; 6) tomato soup; 7) stone bench; 8) silver chain; 9) orange marm a lade; 10) plum ju ice. Complete the sentences. Use the prepositions from the box. about, a fter, at, fo r, over, to 1) They are alw ays w aited. 2) This actor is m uch spoken. 3) Y o u r pets w ill be looked. when you are away. 4) Ju lia dresses b rillia n tly. She is alw ays looked. 5) A lic e is running a high tem perature. The doctor m ust be sent. 6) The clow n is so fu n n y. H is trick s are alw ays laughed. 7) The young man was spoken. yesterday, but I don t th in k he understood his m istake. 8) The key was looked. everywhere but we d id n t fin d it. 9) M iss Loveday is a v e ry good speaker and she is alw ays listened ) Y o u r project w ill be thought. and discussed later. Match the phrasal verbs in column A with their meanings in column В and write sentences of your own with these verbs. 1) to put down 2) to put o ff 3) to put up (w ith ) 4) to put on 5) to put out B. a) to stop something burning b) to dress yourself c) to w rite something down d) to make something happen later e) to accept1 an unpleasant situatio n, behaviour or somebody even if you don t lik e them Write these in English. A. 1) Потушить огонь; 2) надеть плащ; 3) отложить на завтра; 4) мириться с чем-то; 5) записать что-то. В. 1) По соседству; 2) отношения между странами; 3) в младенчестве; 4) в детстве; 5) сильное (мощное) королевство; б) настоящий патриотизм; 7) большая скука; 8) его руководство; 9) великая мудрость; 10) наше братство и дружба. 1 to accept [ak'sept] принимать как неизбежное, мириться

94 Revision DO IT TOGETHER Listen to four speakers who talk about American presidents (1 4), (73), and match them with the statements (a e) below. There is one statement you don't have to use. Match the names of the presidents with the pictures. I a) The speaker says this president lived in the 18th century. b) The speaker says th is president d id n t come from a rich fam ily and put a stop to slavery1 in his country. I c) The speaker says Am ericans often use three letters for this presid ent s name. I d) The speaker says th is president was a sym bol of the cou ntry d u r ing W o rld W a r II. I e) The speaker says th is president was not v e ry successful, especially at the end of his presidency. А. В. C. D. Work in pairs. Give your opinion on the following themes, agree or disagree. Use the "opinion words" from Step 6. 1) a film you both watched 2) dangerous sports 3) a singer or a group you both know 4) language learning 5) opera and/or ballet 6) some food you lik e or d islike 7) travellin g 8) shopping 9) role models Say the same in one word. Some of the words from the box can help you. 1) a good opinion, adm iration for someone or something 2) to make something b etter than it was before 3) to give 4) a place through w hich people come in 1 slavery [ sleivari] рабство

95 5) to fin ish studying and be given a diplom a 6) a sm all group of houses in the country 7) to use something w ith another person or other people 8) a feeling 9) having a ll its parts, complete 10) to put two or more d ifferen t things together 11) human beings as a group 12) the end of life in people, plants and anim als 13) anything that happens, especially anything that is im portant 14) an understanding that you get through experience or study 15) something th a t a person m ust do whole, to share, b rick, m ankind, opp ortunity, to graduate, to study, event, b rillia n t, d uty, to con trib ute, sensible, respect, responsible, to im prove, knowledge, law, death, to m ix, to lead, villag e, wisdom, entrance, sense Complete the sentences with the verbs in their appropriate forms. 1) N ot long ago a lo t of money (to con trib ute) to the Save the Anim als Fund. 2) People who help others must (to adm ire) and (to respect). 3) H ow did it happen th a t the boy (to m ake) responsible fo r a ll the problems? 4) Jam es died the day before yesterday and (bury) tom orrow. 5) Not all questions can (to answer) easily. 6) It s a very good opportun ity to learn something new and I thin k it should (tak e). 7) Can you te ll me w hat this lo vely dish (to m ake) from? 8) I know you are fu ll of impressions and I hope these im pressions (to share) in the lesson tom orrow. 9) I ll come in a m inute, I don t w ant (to w a it) for. 10) M ark is one of the most knowlegeable people I ve ever met, his intellect (to adm ire) everywhere. Work in pairs and decide what are 10 most important reasons for a person to be remembered, admired and respected. Choose from the long list below. Compare your short lists. A person should: be a good leader be knowlegeable and wise w ork hard fo r his or her country be w ell educated have a strong character be lo vin g and caring do something useful fo r other people be a role model fo r others respect and keep the law not do harm to people or nature be an in te llectua l have a pow erful p ersonality be a self-made person be honest w ith him self/herself and other people be talented in some field w ish good to people * alw ays help those who need help be responsible fo r w hat they do be a p atrio t be abble to see through other people not put up w ith cruelty or vio lence

96 В Look at the portraits of these world-famous people and say what you know about them, why, in your opinion, they are remembered, respected or admired. Ш 1 A. Say how much do you know about the man whose name was Confucius. B. Work in pairs and make up some questions you would like to ask about Confucius. C. Work in pairs. One of you will read Text A and the other Text В and then share the information with each other. See which of your questions have found their answers. Text A Confucius was one of the greatest m oral teachers of a ll tim e. H e lived in China about five hundred years before C hrist [kraist]. Confucius studied ancient Chinese w ritings from which he took some ideas. Those ideas

97 seemed im portant to the development of fine character. Then he taught these ideas to the princes and to the students of all ages who came to him fo r instruction [in'strakjn]. The rules he w rote down 2,400 years ago are s till used by people. F o r example, his golden ru le was W h a t you do not w ant done to yo u rself, do not do to others. H e tried to in terest people in ideals of love, openness and m oral behaviour. Confucius believed th a t man was n a tu rally good and could live in harm ony w ith other people. Text В Confucius Chinese name was Kung-Fu-tse. A t the age of 22, three years a fter his m arriage, Confucius began to teach men how to live happ ily. Am ong other people he tau gh t a num ber of Chinese princes. Confucius did not consider him self a god. In fact, he tau gh t nothing about relig io n or about w hat happens to us a fter death. W ith in five hundred years after his death, his teachings became the philosophy of the whole cou ntry. W h en Buddhism appeared, the teachings of Confucius were alm ost forgotten, but la te r remembered again. W e can say that even today Confucius ideas are im portant for people. DO IT ON YOUR OWN В Complete the sentences with the missing function words1 where necessary. 1) W h a t I felt was a m ixture. love and hate. 2) Y o u ll fin d me. the enterance. the cinema at a q uarter to seven. 3) Y o u should show more respect. your teachers. 4) I t s not necessary to graduate. a u n ivers ity to be a respected and knowlegeable person. 5) A ll the houses in the little v illa g e w ere made. wood. 6) S a ra said she was not going to put. w ith the children s behaviour. 7) You need a sense. responsibilit y to become a good leader. 8) So m any subjects can t be studied. pupils at the same tim e. 9) W ill I be able to enter. the h a ll a fter the th ird b ell? 10) Y u ri G ag arin is one of the people whose name is known a ll. the w orld. Q Cross the odd words out. 1) lead, leader, leather, leadership, leading 2) rubber, leather, china, land, paper 3) law, m ankind, adm iration, knowledge, opportunity 4) contribute, respect, im prove, bury, whole 5) of, at, on, in, we Ц у Complete the sentences using the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. 1) a) W h o you (w a it) fo r now? b) Jo h n alw ays (w a it) fo r. 2) a) I thin k you should (send) fo r the doctor, Pete is seriously ill. b) I think the 1 function words [w3:dz] служебные слова

98 doctor should (send) fo r, Pete is seriously ill. 3) a) I never (listen ) to. I th in k they don t respect me. b) I never (listen ) to him, I don t respect his opinion. 4) a) The children w ill (look) after. Don t w orry about them, b) W ill you (look) after the children? I don t want to leave them alone. 5) a) H e was a v e ry fam ous actor and he m uch (speak) about then, b) H e alw ays (speak) m uch about fam ous actors. Revise the words for Test Four. T3 A adm iration, adm ire, adm irer, brick, b rillia n t(ly ), bury, cardboard, cem ent, china, cotton, contribute, con trib ution, death, d u ty, enter, entrance, event, glass, graduate, im prove(m ent), knowledge(able), law, lead, leader, leather, m ankind, m etal, m ind, m ix (up ), m ixture, opinion, opp ortunity, p lastic, respect, respectable, respected, responsible, rubber, seem, sense, sensible, share, s ilk, sm ell, tale n t, taste, view, v illa g e, wisdom, w ise, w hole, wool Step Ю Test Yourself DO IT TOGETHER I. LISTENING Listen to the text about Yuri Gagarin, 9 (74), and write which of these facts are not mentioned in it. 1) Y u ri went to school in ) Y u ri was a very good pupil at school. 3) Y u ri was very good at flyin g planes. 4) Y u ri spent 108 m inutes in space. 5) Y u ri asked the people of our planet to keep its beauty. 6) Y u ri G ag arin became a hero of the So viet U n io n 1. Maximum result 2 Your result? 1 the Soviet Union Советский Союз

99 I I. READING Read the text and decide which of the following is true, false or not stated in the text. Mother Teresa 1) M other Teresa [ta'rkza] was not born in India. 2) The number of people in her order1 has grown. 3) M other Teresa learned a foreign language in Ireland. 4) M other Teresa d id n t need any money contributions as she did everything w ith her own hands. 5) There w ere only thirteen women to s tart helping M other Teresa firs t. 6) The members of her order worked in more than one or two countries. The whole w orld remembers the name of M other Teresa, whose life was v e ry unusual. She was A lb an ian by blood but spent most of her life in Ind ia and once said about herself that she belonged to the world. Bo rn in 1910, M other Teresa was a C atholic nun2 who devoted 45 years to poor, sick, lonely and dying people. M other Teresa founded an order w hich gives wholehearted and free service3 to the poorest and the poor. N ow the order consists of about 4,500 sisters w orking in 133 countries. M other Teresa received the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. H er real name was Agnes and she came from Kosovo, A lb an ia. A t the age of 18 she le ft home, learned En g lish and w ent to teach children in In d ia. W h en Agnes was 21, she became a nun and chose fo r h erself the name of Teresa, now world-famous. Though Teresa enjoyed teaching schoolchildren, there was something she could not put up w ith : at that tim e there were a lot of poor people in C alcutta [kael'k/vto], hundreds of them died from hunger and illness. Teresa knew that if she wanted to help them, she had to live among them. That was how she started w orking w ith the poor in the most terrib le p arts o f C alcu tta and collecting money fo r them. Then people gave her the name o f M other Teresa. She offered food and m edical help to those who needed them and w ent on teaching children. Soon she was joined by a group o f young women who wanted to help the poorest among the poor together w ith her. T hat was how the order began. Soon they opened the firs t Home for the D ying, a free hospice fo r the poor where they received m edical help, love and care. Then they opened a home fo r children who had no parents and started w orking in some countries outside In d ia. Sisters of her order w ent to the most dangerous places where people needed th eir care. M other Teresa lived a fa irly long life doing the duties of the head of her 99 S t e p 10 1 order ['э:с1э] зд. монашеский орден 2 Catholic nun ^kaeblik 'плп] католическая монахиня 3 service ['s3:vis] услуги, помощь

100 order p ractica lly u n til she died in She ce rta in ly belonged to those who change the w orld fo r the better. Maximum result 6 Your result? 100 III. USE OF ENGLISH Step 10 Choose the appropriate words to complete the sentences. 1) The m usic sounds (lo ng /loud ly). 2) The Diam ond Ju b ile e of Queen Elizab eth I I (celebrated/was celebrated) in ) Young Elizab eth and her sister M argaret were (educated/education) at home. 4) I bought m y new mobile at a v e ry (responsible/sensible) price. 5) (In /T o ) m y opinion, you are not quite rig h t here. 6) L e t s meet at the (enter/entrance) to the b uildin g. 7) The roses sm elt (sweet/sw eetly). 8) M y little brother is ill. H e m ust be looked (fo r/ a fter). 9) The cam pers put (out/dow n) the fire before leaving. 10) The e a rlie r you begin to (learn/stud y) to swim the better. Maximum result 10 Your result? Q Complete the sentences with the words on the right in their appropriate forms. R o y s cousin had alw ays been a role model fo r the boy. Fra n k was 5 years (1). than R o y but he was R o y s (2). frien d. Fran k (3). so m any talents and he (4). and (5). by a ll R o y s frien d s. A year before Fra n k (6). from the u n iv e rs ity and at the moment he (7). as a doctor in th e ir villag e. H e alw ays (8). to w ork on tim e and (9). never. The villag ers (10). him a lo t and said they had the (11). doctor in the w orld. old, good, have respect, admire graduate work come, wait for admire, responsible Maximum result 11 Your result? I V. SPEAKING Think of who you could name the symbol of Russia or the most respected person in the country. Explain why you have chosen him or her. Maximum result 15 Your result?

101 WRITING Write the same in English. 1) Уважаемый человек; 2) разумны е цены; 3) поделиться впечатлениями; 4) исторические события; 5) честное мнение; 6) всё человечество; 7) блестящ ий учёный; 8) талантливый лидер; 9) древняя мудрость; 10) вход в здание. Maximum result 10 Your result? Total result 54 Your result? IT Oiy YOUR OW N Do Project W ork 4. Complete a page in your English Album. Think of one or tw o people who you could name your role models. Describe them. Illustrate your story with pictures. Ask your family and/or friends to help you if necessary. Don't forget about an outline for your story before you begin writing it. D ear a ll, W e hope i t s been an in te re s tin g and f r u it f u l y e a r. Y o u ve lea rn ed a lo t o f new th in g s and n o t o n ly in term s o f E n g lis h. N o w yo u know how m uch yo u can do on y o u r ow n and how m uch m ore yo u can do w o rkin g w ith o the rs. Y o u also know th a t i f w e w a n t to do som eth ing v e ry m uch and w o rk a t it, and e n jo y it and become b e tter a t it then w h at we do never seems to be too hard. H ave w o n d erfu l holidays! See you ag ain in Septem ber. Y o u rs, th e a u th o rs.

102 Grammar Reference М о р ф о л о г и я MOUIU (И М Я СУЩ ЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ) С о б и р ател ьн ы е и м е н а сущ е ств и те л ь н ы е (a u d ie n ce, com p any, fa m ily, crew, g o ve rn m e n t, team, e tc.) м о гут у п о тр е б л я ть с я с гл а го л ьн ы м и ф ормами в единственном и м нож ественном чи сле. Е с л и в ы ш е у к а з а н н ы е сущ е ств и те л ь н ы е о б о зн ачаю т лю д ей, во сп р и ним аем ы х к а к единое целое, они и сп о льзую тся с глаголом в единствен н о м ч и с л е, вм есто н и х м о ж е т и сп о л ьзо в а тьс я м есто и м ен и е it, а о п р ед ели тел ьн ы е п р и д ато чн ы е в в о д я тс я с л у ж е б н ы м и сл о вам и w hich/ that: M y fa m ily is b ig. O u r team, w h ic h is n o t a lw a y s su cce ssfu l, has show n ra th e r good res u lts. I t s g e ttin g b e tter. К о гд а ж е м ы во сп р и н и м аем лю д ей, о б о зн ачаем ы х р а ссм а тр и ва ем ы м и и м е н ам и с у щ е с тв и те л ь н ы м и, к а к о тд ел ьн ы х л и ч н о сте й, и з ко то р ы х со сто ят те и л и и н ы е к о л л е к т и в ы, то д ан н ы е и м е н а и с п о л ь зу ю тс я с глаго лом во м н о ж ествен н о м ч и с л е, вм есто н и х в п р ед л о ж ен и и м о гут и с п о л ь зо в а тьс я л и ч н ы е м есто и м ен и я they и them, а о п р ед ели тельн ы е п р и д ато чн ы е в это м сл у ч а е в в о д я тс я п р и п о м ощ и сою зного сл о ва who: O u r com p any a re m e etin g to m o rrow. T h e y are a ll v e r y n ice people. I lik e them. The audience who you can see are a ll m y schoolm ates. 2. С и м е н ам и су щ е с тв и те л ьн ы м и, о б о зн ачаю щ и м и н а зв а н и я я з ы к о в English, French, Indian, Chinese и др. а р т и к л ь не уп о тр е б л я е тс я. О д нако есл и в н а и м ен о ван и е в к л ю ч а е т с я и м я сущ е стви те л ьн о е language, то н а зва н и е я з ы к а со д ер ж и т опред елённ ы й а р т и к л ь : the E n g lis h language, th e G erm an language. 3. С и м е н ам и су щ е с тв и те л ьн ы м и, о б о зн ачаю щ и м и ли ц о то й и л и иной нац иональности, уп о тр ебляется неопределённый ар ти кл ь : a R u s s ia n, an A m e ric a n, an E n g lis h m a n. О д нако д л я о б о зн ачен и я к о л л е к ти вн о го н а зв а н и я н ац и и о б ы чн о и с п о л ь зу е тс я оп ред елённ ы й а р т и к л ь : the E n g lis h англичане, the F re n c h ф ранцузы, the C h in ese к и т айцы. 4. В стр уктур е им ён сущ естви тел ьн ы х, образованны х способом д ер и вац и и (а ф ф и к са ц и и ), в ы д е л я ю тс я сл ед ую щ и е суф ф и к сы : -ist (p ia n is t, p o rtr a itis t, eg o ist) -ance (im p o rtan ce, entrance, appearance) -ence (d iffere n c e, p atie n ce, in te llig e n c e ) -hood (childh ood, boyhood, babyhood ) -dom (freedom, boredom, kingdom ) -ism (egoism, socialism, p atrio tism ) -ship (frie n d s h ip, le a d e rsh ip, re la tio n s h ip ) ADJECTIVE (И М Я П РИ Л А ГА ТЕЛ ЬН О Е) 1. Д л я ср а вн е н и я лю д ей, пред м етов и о б ъ е кто в и с п о л ьзу ю т та к и е м од ели, к а к as. as; not so/as. as; Adj + er + than; Adj + m ore/less + than; (the) m ost/(th e) least + Adj. Н априм ер :

103 T h e n ew b u ild in g is as h ig h as th e o ld one. T h e n ew gam e is m o re in te re s tin g th a n th e o ld one. T h e n ew p la y is th e m o st m o d e rn o f a ll. 2. И н о гд а ф о р м ы степ е н ей с р а в н е н и я одного и то го ж е п р и л а га те л ьн о го о т л и ч а ю т с я св о и м и з н а ч е н и я м и и л и у п о тр е б л е н и е м : old older oldest (с т а р ы й : о л ю д я х, ж и в о т н ы х, п р е д м е та х ); old elder eldest (ст а р ш и й : о б ы ч н о о ч л е н а х од ной с е м ь и ); far farther farthest (у д а л ё н н ы й по р а с с т о я н и ю ); far further fu rthest (у д а л ё н н ы й по р а с с то я н и ю и л и по вр е м е н и, д а л ь н е й ш и й ); late later la test (бо лее п о зд н и й, п о зд н е й ш и й по в р е м е н и ); late latter la st (вто р о й и з д ву х, с а м ы й п о сл е д н и й по п о р я д к у ); near nearer nearest (н а х о д я щ и й с я б л и ж е, б л и ж а й ш и й ); near nearer n ext (н а х о д я щ и й с я б л и ж е, с л е д у ю щ и й по п о р я д к у ). Д л я с р а в н е н и я во зр а с та в о зм о ж н о л и ш ь и с п о л ьзо в а н и е ф орм older и oldest. 103 V ERB (ГЛ А ГО Л ) 1. Д л я о п и с а н и я д е й с т в и я, ко то р о е п р о и сх о д и л о в п р о ш л о м, но не происходит сей ча с, часто уп о тр е б л яется оборот used to. T h e y used to s w im a lo t la s t su m m e r. О н и о б ы ч н о м н о го п л а в а л и л е то м (а с е й ч а с т а к м н о го не п л а в а ю т ). I used to t r a v e l w ith m y p a re n ts. Я и м е л о б ы к н о в е н и е п у т е ш е с т в о в а т ь с р о д и те л я м и (а се й ч а с н е т ). О т р и ц а т е л ь н а я и в о п р о с и те л ь н а я ф о р м ы д ан н о го обор ота ч а щ е о б р а зую тс я пр и пом ощ и вспом огательного гл аго ла to do: Н е didn t use to lik e s k a tin g w h e n he w a s s m a ll. Did y o u use to go in f o r s p o rts a t sc h o o l? О д н ако в о з м о ж н ы в а р и а н т ы : H e used not to lik e r id in g a h o rse w h e n he liv e d in th e c o u n try. 2. Г р а м м а т и ч е с к а я ф ор м а past perfect о б р а зу е тс я с п о м о щ ью в сп о м о га те л ьн о го гл а го л а had и тр е тье й ф о р м ы с м ы сл о во го гл а го л а : had + V 3. В о п р о си т е л ь н ы е п р е д л о ж е н и я о б р а зу ю тс я с п о м о щ ью и з м е н е н и я п о р я д к а с л о в, п р и ко то р о м в с п о м о га те л ь н ы й гл а го л h a d с т а в и т с я перед п о д л е ж а щ и м, а о тр и ц а те л ь н ы е с п о м о щ ью п р и б а в л е н и я к н е м у о т р и ц а н и я not (n t): M y frie n d said he had seen th e new film. Had th e te a c h e r answered y o u r q u e s tio n? T h e y had not told us th e tr u th. 3. P ast perfect ч а с т о и с п о л ь з у е т с я в п р е д л о ж е н и я х с пр ед логом by ( к к а к о м у- л и б о вр е м е н и ) и в п р и д а то ч н ы х п р е д л о ж е н и я х вр е м е н и, к о то р ы е в в о д я т с я с л о в а м и when, before, after, е с л и р е ч ь ид ёт о п р о ш л о м : I had done th e w o rk b y e v e n in g. S h e had already told u s th e n ew s when th e w o rk in g d a y b eg an. Had th e y learned th e w o rd s before th e te s t? A fter w e had read th e b o o k, w e b eg an to u n d e rs tan d th e m a te ria l b e t te r. 4. В а н г л и й с к о м я з ы к е и м е ю т с я д ва за л о га д е й с т в и т е л ь н ы й (a c t iv e v o ic e ) и с тр а д а те л ь н ы й (p a s s iv e v o ic e ). В п р е д л о ж е н и и M rs B ro w n

104 104 g ro w s flo w e rs in h e r g a rd e n гл а го л уп о тр е б л ё н в д е й с тв и те л ь н о м зал о ге, т а к к а к M rs B r o w n (п о д л е ж а щ е е п р е д л о ж е н и я ) са м а со ве р ш ае т д е й стви е, с а м а в ы р а щ и в а е т ц в е ты. Е с л и д л я го во р ящ е го не в а ж н о, к т о со ве р ш а е т д е й стви е и л и есл и он это го не зн а е т, то гл а го л у п о т р е б л я е т с я в стр а д а те л ьн о м зал о ге: B e a u t if u l roses are grown h e re. З д е с ь в ы р а щ и в а ю т в е л и к о л е п н ы е р о зы. Ф о р м ы стр ад ате л ьн о го за л о га о б р а зу ю тс я п р и п о м о щ и гл а го л а to be в н у ж н о й ф орм е и вто р о го п р и ч а с т и я (p a r tic ip le I I ) о сн о вн о го гл а го л а по ф о р м ул е to be + V 3. Present sim ple passive (a m /is/a re + V 3): I am chosen fo r th e e x p e d i tio n. H e is m u ch spoken a b o u t. S u c h flo w e rs are grown h e re. P ass sim ple passive (w as/w ere + V 3): Jo h n was asked th is q u e s tio n y e s te rd a y. T h e le tte r s were sent th e o th e r d a y. F uture sim ple passive (shall b e/w ill be + V ): W e sh all be driven to sch o o l b y c a r. N e w s to rie s w ill be told to m o rro w. В о тр и ц а те л ь н ы х п р е д л о ж е н и я х в с п о м о га те л ьн ы е г л а г о л ы у п о т р е б л я ю т с я с ч а с т и ц е й not. Н а п р и м е р : W e are not inform ed ab o u t it. M y frie n d s were not invited to th e p a r ty. T h e y w ill not be left alo n e. В в о п р о с и те л ьн ы х п р е д л о ж е н и я х в с п о м о га те л ь н ы е г л а г о л ы с т а в я т с я перед п о д л е ж а щ и м. Н а п р и м е р : Is th is c a r sold in y o u r c o u n try? W ere th e c h ild re n shown ab o u t th e n ew m u se u m? W ill these b ooks be read d u rin g th e sch o o l y e a r? 5. Г л а г о л ы в стр а д а те л ьн о м зал о ге ч а с т о с о ч е т а ю т с я с м о д а л ьн ы м и гл а го л а м и и л и и х э к в и в а л е н т а м и. m u st (n o t) c an (n o t) m a y (n o t) s h o u ld (n o t) o u g h t (n o t) to h a ve / h a s to / (d o n t/d o e s n t h a v e to ) + be + v 3 П р и это м гл а го л to be п о сл е м о д а л ь н ы х гл а го л о в и с п о л ь з у е т с я без ч а с т и ц ы to и не и з м е н я е т с я по л и ц а м и ч и с л а м. В в о п р о с и те л ьн ы х пр ед л о ж е н и я х м о д а л ьн ы е г л а г о л ы с т а в я т с я перед п о д л е ж а щ и м, в о тр и ц а т е л ь н ы х к н и м п р и б а в л я е т с я о тр и ц а н и е not: These ex ercises m u st be done to d ay. Can th e w o rk be finished la te r? These veg etab les sh ould n t be boiled. 6. Р е ч ь, к о т о р а я пер ед аёт п о д л и н н ы е с л о в а како го -л и б о л и ц а, н а з ы в а е т с я п р я м о й р е ч ь ю. Р е ч ь, в ко то р о й п ер ед аётся со д ер ж ан и е то го, ч т о б ы л о кем -то с к а з а н о, н а з ы в а е т с я к о с ве н н о й. П р и переходе п р я м о й р е ч и в к о с в е н н у ю с о б л ю д а ю тся п р а в и л а с о гл а со в а н и я вр ем ён. Е с л и гл а го л, к о то р ы й вво д и т к о с в е н н у ю р е ч ь в гл а в н о м п р е д л о ж е н и и, уп о тр е б л ё н в н а с то я щ е м и л и б у д ущ е м вр е м е н и (p re s e n t in d e fin ite, p res e n t p e rfe c t, fu tu r e in d e fin ite ), то в п р и д ато чн о м п р ед лож е н и и в р е м я гл а го л а не м е н я е т с я : Н е s a y s, I w a s in M o sco w in H e says he was in M o sco w in Е с л и в гл а в н о м п р е д л о ж е н и и гл а го л, в в о д я щ и й к о с в е н н у ю р е ч ь, уп о тр е б л ё н в п р о ш ед ш ем вр е м е н и (p a s t in d e fin ite ), то в п р и д ато чн о м о б ы ч н о п р о и сх о д ят с л е д ую щ и е и з м е н е н и я : p rese n t in d e fin ite -* p a s t in d efin ite

105 H e said: I think N e lly is r ig h t. H e said he thought N e lly was rig h t. p a s t in d efin ite, p resent p erfect p a st p erfect H e said: I lived in th e c o u n try. -* H e said he had lived in th e cou n t r y. H e said: I have done i t.» H e said he had done it. fu tu re in d e fin ite -* future-in-the-past H e said: I w ill go th e re. -# H e said he would go th e re. О д н ако есл и в к о св е н н о й р е ч и со о б щ а е тся о с о б ы ти и, ко то р о е я в л я е т с я к а к б ы о б щ и м ф а к т о м, то п р а ви л о с о гл а с о в а н и я вр ем ён в это м с л у ч а е о б ы чн о не п р и м е н я е т с я : Н е said P a r is is th e c a p ita l o f F ra n c e. 7. Е с л и п о сл е гл а го л а to say, к о т о р ы й вв о д и т п р я м у ю р е ч ь, е сть у к а з а н и е н а то, к к о м у э т а р е ч ь о б р ащ ен а, то гл а го л say м е н я е т с я н а сл о во t e ll (so m eb o d y). J e f f said to A n n : I am g o in g to G la s g o w. -> J e f f told A n n he w as g o in g to G la s g o w. В с е л и ч н ы е и п р и т я ж а т е л ь н ы е м е с то и м е н и я и з м е н я ю т с я в за в и с и м о с ти от того, от ка к о го л и ц а что-то сообщ ается. P a m s a id to J i l l : I w a n t to ta lk to you. -* P a m to ld J i l l sh e w a n ted to ta lk to h er. С о ю з th at ч а с т о о п у с к а е т с я п о сл е гл а го л о в to say, to think, to know, to rem em ber и т. д. H e rem em bered (th at) she had asked h im ab out it. 8. В с о о тв е тс тв и и с п р а ви л о м с о гл а с о в а н и я вр ем ён в п р и д а то ч н ы х п р е д л о ж е н и я х, в в о д я щ и х к о с в е н н у ю р е ч ь, п р о и сх о д ят т а к ж е сл ед ую щ и е л е к с и к о - гр а м м а ти ч е с к и е и з м е н е н и я : now *-» then today -* that day tom orrow -* the next day th e day after tom orrow -> tw o days la ter in tw o days -* tw o days later ago -** before next year the next year la st w eek th e w eek before, th e previous w eek here * there th is -* that these -* those Н еобх од и м о т а к ж е о б р а ти ть в н и м а н и е н а перевод п о д о б н ы х п р е д л о ж е н и й н а р у с с к и й я з ы к. Н е s a id he w a s w r it in g a le tte r. О н с к а з а л, ч т о п и ш е т п и сьм о. S h e s a id she liv e d in R o s to v. О н а с к а з а л а, ч т о ж и в ё т в Р о с то в е. T h e y s a id th e y h ad liv e d in R o s to v tw o y e a rs b e fo re. О н и с к а з а л и, ч то ж и л и в Р о с то в е д ва года т о м у н азад. 9. В во п р о сах в к о с ве н н о й р е ч и со б л ю д а е тся п р я м о й п о р яд о к сл о в, т. е. с к а зу е м о е за н и м а е т п о зи ц и ю п о сле п о д л е ж а щ е го. Н е ask e d : W h e r e do y o u liv e? -* H e ask e d m e w h e re I liv e d. 10. Д л я п о с т а н о в к и воп р о со в т и п а К т о и з вас. К т о и з н и х. у п о т р е б л я ю т с я с т р у к т у р ы W hich of you. W hich o f them. W h ic h o f you h as p assed th e e x a m? К т о и з в а с сд ал э к з а м е н ы? Н о'. W ho liv e s in L o n d o n? К т о ж и в ё т в Л о н д о н е? M r G re e n does. Го сп о д и н Г р и н. 11. Г л а г о л ы to taste, to sound, to feel, to sm ell, to look, to seem ч а с т о в ы с т у п а ю т в к а ч е с т в е г л а г о л а - с в я з к и п р и о б р а зо ван и и со ста вн о го 105

106 106 и м е н н о го с к а зу е м о го, в и м е н н о й ч а с т и ко то р о го и с п о л ь з у ю т с я п р и л а г а т е л ь н ы е. I fe e l b ad, I d o n t fe e l w e ll. Я ч у в с т в у ю с е б я п л о х о, а не хор ош о. T h e ro se sm ells sw e e t. Р о з а с л а д к о п а х н е т. T h e o ra n g e ta stes b it t e r. А п е л ь с и н го р е к н а в к у с. П р и это м в р у с с к о м в а р и а н те, к а к ви д н о и з в ы ш е п р и в е д ё н н ы х п р и м ер о в, в п р е д л о ж е н и я х и м е е тс я пр остое гл а го л ьн о е с к а зу е м о е, и оно о п р е д е л яе тся н а р е ч и е м. С и н т а к с и с ( S y n t a x ) 1. В а н г л и й с к о м я з ы к е с у щ е с т в у ю т д ве с х о ж и е по с м ы с л у с т р у к т у р ы од на в к л ю ч а е т сл о во so, а д р у га я сл о во such: T h e book is so in te re s tin g. It is such an in te re s tin g book. Ч т о б ы не о ш и б и т ь с я в и х и с п о л ь з о в а н и и, сл ед ует п о м н и т ь, ч т о сло во so я в л я е т с я у с и л и т е л е м к п р и л а г а т е л ь н ы м и н а р е ч и я м, в то в р е м я к а к сл о во such и с п о л ь з у е т с я д л я у с и л е н и я с у щ е с т в и т е л ь н ы х : so in te re s tin g, so w e ll, so good, so s lo w ly su ch a fin e s to ry, s u ch a p le a s a n t fac e, su ch lo v e ly m u sic К а к ви д н о и з п р и м е р о в, в с т р у к т у р е such + сущ ест вит ельное ч а с то п р и с у т с т в у е т тр е ти й эл е м е н т, п р и л а га те л ьн о е, я в л я ю щ е е с я оп р ед елен и ем к э то м у с у щ е с т в и т е л ь н о м у. О д н ако это т ф а к т н и ч е го не м е н я е т : сл о во such т а к и л и и н а ч е по с м ы с л у с в я за н о и м е н н о с с у щ е с т в и т е л ь н ы м. В это й с т р у к т у р е необход им о и сп о л ьзо ва н и е неопр ед елённого а р т и к л я п р и у с л о в и и, ч т о с у щ е с тв и те л ь н о е, к к о то р о м у о тн о с и тс я слово such, я в л я е т с я и с ч и с л я е м ы м и у п о тр е б л я е тс я в ед и н ствен н о м ч и с л е. С р а вн и те : I t w as such a good idea. T h e w e re s u ch good id e a s. T h a t w as su ch ta s ty b rea d. 2. П о м и м о в о с к л и ц а т е л ь н ы х п р е д л о ж е н и й, н а ч и н а ю щ и х с я со сл о ва w h a t, в а н г л и й с к о м я з ы к е и с п о л ь з у ю т с я в о с к л и ц а т е л ь н ы е п р е д л о ж е н и я со сл о во м how. С р а в н и те : W h a t a c le v e r an sw e r! H o w c le v e r th e a n s w e r is! В ы б о р п ер во й и л и вто р о й к о н с т р у к ц и и з а в и с и т от то го, ч т о х о ч е т под ч е р к н у т ь го в о р я щ и й. Е с л и а к ц е н т д е л а е тс я н а пр ед м ете, о ко то р о м и д ёт р е ч ь, и с п о л ь з у ю т к о н с т р у к ц и ю с w hat, а е с л и н а к а ч е с т в е то го, о ч ё м го в о р я т, к о н с т р у к ц и ю с how. С л о во w hat с о о тн о с и тся с с у щ е с т в и т е л ь н ы м и, a how с п р и л а г а т е л ь н ы м и и н а р е ч и я м и. С р а вн и те : W h a t a d a y! W h a t fu n! W h a t good lu c k! H o w n ice! H o w c le v e r! H o w soon! В в о с к л и ц а т е л ь н ы х п р е д л о ж е н и я х, н а ч и н а ю щ и х с я со с л о в а w hat, н е обход им о у п о т р е б л я т ь н е о п р ед ел ё н н ы й а р т и к л ь, е с л и с у щ е с тв и те л ь н о е я в л я е т с я и с ч и с л я е м ы м и и с п о л ь з у е т с я в ед и н ствен н о м ч и с л е.

107 Internet Resources E n. w ikip ed ia. org R u. w ikip ed ia. org British m u seu m. org K re m l.ru L o u v re.fr M etm useum. org M useodelprado. es M uzei-mira. com S itek id.ru Ed u k id s. narod. ru w w w.rubicon.com w w w.bbc. со. uk/learning/sub j ects/english. shtm l w w w. 1 -language.com www. english-at-home. com ww w. m any things. org

108 Вопросы для самооценки #«л 1. К а к и е и з р а зд е л о в у ч е б н и к а о к а з а л и с ь с а м ы м и с л о ж н ы м и? К а к в ы д у м а е те, п о ч е м у? 2. В к а к и х г р а м м а т и ч е с к и х я в л е н и я х в ы д о п у с т и л и о ш и б к и? 3. К а к а я л е к с и к а тр е б у е т д а л ь н е й ш е й о т р а б о т к и? 4. Ч т о м о гл о б ы в а м п о м о ч ь л у ч ш е с п р а в и т ь с я с з а д а н и я м и п о говоре- ^ н и ю? П и с ь м у? 5. П р и х о д и л о с ь л и в а м п р и в ы п о л н е н и и за д а н и й о б р а щ а т ь с я з а д о п о л н и т е л ь н о й п о м о щ ь ю к с в о е м у у ч и т е л ю? Р о д и т е л я м? В к а к и х с л у ч а я х? 6. И с п о л ь з о в а л и л и в ы п р и в ы п о л н е н и и за д а н и й д о п о л н и т е л ь н ы е р е с у р с ы : с п р а в о ч н и к и, И н т е р н е т? 7. Н а с к о л ь к о в ы д о в о л ь н ы с в о и м и р е з у л ь т а т а м и?

109 List o f Irregular Verbs be [bi:] w as/w ere [wdz] / [W3l] been [bi:n] быть become [Ы'клт] becam e [bi'keim] becom e [bi'kam] становиться, являться begin [bi'gin] began [bi'gaen] begun [bi'gan] начинать blow [blau] blew [blu:] blown [Ыэип] дуть 109 break [breik] broke [Ьгэик] broken [Ъгэикэп] ломать bring [brig] brought [bro:t] brought [bro:t] приносить build [bild] built [bilt] b uilt [bilt] строить burn [Ьз:п] burnt [b3:nt] burnt [b3:nt] жечь, гореть buy [bai] bought [bo:t] bought [bod] покупать can [kaen] could [kud] мочь catch [kaelj] caught [ko:t] caught [ko:t] схватить choose [1ju:z] chose [tjauz] chosen ['ijauzn] выбирать come [клт] came [keim] come [клт] приходить cut [kat] cut [kat] cut [kat] резать do [du:] did [did] done [dan] делать draw [dro:] drew [dru:] drawn [dro:n] рисовать dream [dri:m] dream ed/dream t [dremt] dream ed/dream t [dremt] мечтать drink [drigk] drank [draegk] drunk [dragk] пить drive [draiv] drove [drauv] driven ['dnvn] водить (машину и т. п.) eat [i:t] ate [et] eaten ['i:tn] есть fall [fo:l] fell [fel] fallen ['fb:lan] падать fig h t [fait] fought [fo:t] fought [fo:t] драться, сражаться find [faind] found [faund] found [faund] находить fly [flai] flew [flu:] flow n [flaun] летать forget [fa'get] forgot [fa'gdt] forgotten [fa'gdtn] забывать get [get] got [got] got [gdt] получать give [giv] gave [gerv] given ['grvn] давать

110 Продолжение табл. go [д эи ] w e n t [w e n t] g o n e [g D n ] и д ти, н а п р а в л я т ь с я g ro w [д гэи] g re w [g ru :] g ro w n [g rau n ] р а с ти h a n g [haerj] h u n g [Ь л д ] h u n g [Ь л д ] в е ш а т ь h a v e [haev] h a d [haed] h a d [haed] и м е т ь 110 h e a r [h is ] h e a rd [h3 :d] h e a rd [h3 :d ] с л ы ш а т ь h o ld [h a u ld ] h e ld [h e ld ] h e ld [h e ld ] д е р ж а т ь keep [k i:p ] k e p t [k e p t] k e p t [k e p t] д е р ж а т ь, с о д е р ж а ть k n o w [п а и ] k n e w [n ju :] k n o w n [n a u n ] з н а т ь le a d [li:d ] le d [le d ] le d [le d ] в е с т и, р у к о в о д и т ь le a rn [1з:п] le a rn e d / le a rn t [b :n t] le a rn e d / le a rn t [b :n t] у ч и т ь le a v e [li:v ] le f t [le ft] le f t [le ft] у е з ж а т ь, п о к и д а т ь, о с т а в л я т ь le t [le t] le t [le t] le t [le t] п о з в о л я т ь, д а в а т ь lie [la i] la y [le i] la in [le in ] л е ж а т ь lo se [lu :z ] lo s t [ld St] lo s t [ld St] т е р я т ь m ak e [m e ik ] m ad e [m e id ] m ad e [m e id ] д е л а ть, и з г о т о в л я т ь m ean [m i:n ] m e a n t [m en t] m e a n t [m en t] з н а ч и т ь, и м е т ь в ви д у m eet [m i:t] m e t [m e t] m e t [m e t] в с т р е ч а т ь p u t [p u t] p u t [p u t] p u t [p u t] к л а с т ь rea d [ri:d ] rea d [re d ] rea d [re d ] ч и т а т ь rid e [ra id ] ro d e [rau d ] rid d e n ['rid n ] е зд и ть ( верхом на лош ади, на велосипеде) r in g [rig ] ra n g [raeg] ru n g [глд ] з в о н и т ь ris e [ra iz ] ro se [rau z ] ris e n ['riz n ] в о с х о д и ть, в с т а в а т ь, п о д н и м а т ь с я ru n [глп ] ra n [raen] ru n [глп] бегать say [sei] said [sed ] said [sed ] с к а за т ь see [si:] saw [sa:] seen [si:n ] ви д еть sen d [send ] se n t [sen t] se n t [sen t] п о с ы л а т ь s k i [s k i:] s k ie d [sk i:d ] s k ie d [sk i:d ] к а т а т ь с я н а л ы ж а х

111 speak [spi:k] spoke [spauk] spoken [spaukan] говорить sp ell [spel] sp elt [spelt] sp elt [spelt] произносить по буквам Окончание табл. spend [spend] sp en t [spent] spent [spent] тратить (деньги)', проводить (время) stand [staend] stood [stud] stood [stud] стоять stea l [sti:l] sto le [staul] sto len ['staulen] красть strik e [straik] stru ck [stmk] stru ck [strak] ударять, бить (о часах) sw im [swim] sw am [swaem] sw um [swam] плавать take [teik] took [tuk] taken ['teikan] брать teach [ti:tj] taugh t [ta:t] taugh t [ta:t] учить, обучать te ll [tel] told [tauld] told [tauld] сказать, рассказать thin k [Birjk] th ou ght [0a:t] th ou ght [0a:t] думать understand understood u nderstood понимать [Anda'staend] [Anda'stud] [Anda'stud] w ear [wea] w ore [wa:] w orn [wa:n] носить, быть одетым w in [win] w on [WAn] w on [waii] выигрывать w rite [rait] w rote [raut] w ritten ['ritn] писать

112 ENGLISH-RUSSIAN VOCABULARY A achieve [a'tji:v] достигать achievem ent [a'tjkvmant] достижение add [ ed] добавлять, прибавлять adm iration [^dm a'reijn] восхищение adm ire [ad'maia] 1) восхищ аться; 2) любоваться to adm ire somebody fo r something восхищ аться кем-либо за что-то ad m irer [ad'maiara] поклонник adopt*1 [a'dopt] приним ать в свою семью advantage [ad'vaintidj] преимущество to have an ad vantage over somebody иметь преимущество перед кем-то ad venture [ad'ventfb] приклю чение aerobics [ea'raubiks] аэробика to do aerobics заним аться аэробикой agree [a'gri:] соглаш аться to agree to som ething соглаш аться на что-то to agree w ith somebody on/about something соглаш аться с кем-то по какому-то поводу a lik e [a'laik] похожий, сходный allo w [э'1аи] позволять, разрешать an n ive rsa ry* [^ n i'vsisri] юбилей anywhere ['eni,wea] где бы то ни было applaud [s'pb:d] аплодировать applause [a'pb:z] аплодисменты aren a* [э'п:пэ] арена a th le tic [aeg'letik] спортивный, атлетический atten tio n [a'tenjn] внимание atten tive [a'tentiv] внимательный to be a tten tive to somebody/something бы ть вним ательны м к комуто или чему-то A u s tria * [ ostria] А встр и я В b alance ['baebns] уравновеш ивать b alcony ['baelkani] балкон in the b alcony на балконе b aseball ['beisbo:l] бейсбол b a ttle ['baetl] 1) n битва; 2) v би ться, ср аж аться to w in a b a ttle вы играть сражение В С * [jbi^si:] (B efo re C h rist) до нашей эры (до Рож д ества Христова) besides [bi'saidz] кроме (того) b io lo g ical ^baia'lddpkl] биологический blockbuster [tblpk,bast3] блокбастер 1 Значок * означает, что слово не входит в активный вокабуляр учащихся

113 blood [bl/vd] кровь in blood по крови box [boks] 1) коробка; 2) театральная ложа box office ['boks,dfis] касса (в кино или театре) brick [brik] 1) n кирпич; 2) adj кирпичный brilliant ['briliant] блестящий, великолепный brilliantly ['briliantli] блестяще, великолепно bronze* [bronz] 1) n бронза; 2) adj бронзовый b uffet ['bufei] буфет burry ['beri] 1) хоронить; 2) закапывать 113 С cardboard ['ka:dba:d] 1) n картон; 2) adj картонный caring ['kearirj] заботливый cartoon [ka:'tu:n] мультипликационный фильм cem ent [si'ment] 1) n цемент; 2) adj цементный central ['sentral] центральный cerem ony ['serimani] церемония cham pion ['tjaempian] чемпион character ['kaerakta] 1) характер; 2) герой (фильма, спектакля, книги) characteristic j^kaerakta'ristik] характерный chart* ['$a:t] таблица, чертёж cheap [tji:p] дешёвый china ['tjaina] 1) n фарфор; 2) adj фарфоровый chorus* ['ka:ras] хор, припев Cinderella* [^inda'rela] Золуш ка circle ['s3:kl] 1) круг; 2) бельэтаж (в театре) in the circle в бельэтаже classical ['klaesikl] классический clause* [kb:z] придаточное предложение clim atic [klai'maetik] климатический clim b [klaim] забираться, карабкаться rock clim bing скалолазание cloakroom ['klaukrum] театральный гардероб at the cloakroom в гардеробе com edy ['kmnadi] комедия com ical ['knmik] комический, комичный com m ittee [ka'miti] комитет com pete [kam'pirt] соревноваться, состязаться com petitive [kam'petativ] dancing спортивные танцы connect [ka'nekt] соединять connection [ka'nekjn] связь, соединение contrast ['kdntra:st] контраст, противопоставление by contrast в противоположность contribute [kan'tribju:t] вносить вклад contribution [^Dntn'bju^n] вклад to m ake a contribution of som ething вносить вклад в виде чеголибо to m ake a contribution to som ething вносить вклад во что-то сор [kop] (informal) полицейский cord [ka:d] бечёвка, верёвка, шнур

114 114 c o tto n ['kdtn] 1) n хлоп ок ; 2) ad) сделанны й и з хлоп к а c o u n t* [kaunt] граф co u rt [ka:t] корт crash * [kraej] р азбиться crim e [kraim] п р еступ л ен и е to com m it a crim e соверш ать п р еступ л ен и е to so lv e a crim e раскры ть п р еступ л ен и е c r itic ism * ['kntisizm] к р и ти к а to fa c e c r itic ism * сталкиваться с кри ти к ой c r u e l ['kru:ol] ж ест о к и й c r u e lty ['kruialti] ж есток ость cry [krai] 1) плакать; 2) кричать to cry on so m eb o d y s sh o u ld er ж ал оваться, изливать д у ш у к ом у-то to cry w ith p a in /h a p p in e s s кричать (плакать) от боли, счастья c u r ta in ['к з:т] занавес c y c lin g ['saikliq] вел осипедны й спорт to g o c y c lin g зан и м аться велоспортом D d e a th [de6] см ерть d eg ree* [di'gri:] ди п л ом, уч ён ая степень d eliv e r* [di'lrva] доставлять, привозить d esc rip tio n * [di'skripjn] оп и сан и е d esig n * [di'zain] 1) n д и за й н, разработка; 2) v разрабаты вать d e v o te [di'vaut] посвящ ать to d e v o te so m e th in g to som eb ody посвящ ать что-то ком у-л ибо d ev o ted [di'vautid] преданны й a d ev o ted frie n d верны й друг d e v o tio n [di'vaujn] преданность d iam on d * ['daiamand] бриллиант d ig ita l* ['didptl] циф ровой d ire cto r [di'rekta] р еж и ссёр d o cu m e n ta ry [tdokjэ 1mentari] 1) ad) докум ентальны й; 2) n докум ентальны й ф ильм d ram a ['dra:ma] др ам а a p sy c h o lo g ic a l d ram a п си хол оги ч еск ая др ам а d r a m a tist* ['dram atist] драм атург d raw [dra:] ничья (в игре) to en d in /w it h a d raw зак он читься вничью d u k e* [dju:k] герцог d u ty ['dju:ti] дол г, обязанность to do o n e s d u ty вы полнять свой долг e c o lo g is t [I'kDlacljist] экол ог e ffe c t [I'fekt] эф ф ект sp e c ia l e ffe c ts специальны е эф ф екты (в кино) eld e r ['elds] стар ш и й e ld e st ['eldist] сам ы й старш ий e le c tio n s* [1'lekjnz] выборы E

115 e le ctro n ic s * ^elek'troniks] эл е ктр о н и ка eleg an ce [elig an s] элегантно сть e le m e n tary * ^eli'm entri] эл ем ен тар н ы й, простой else [els] ещё an yw h ere else где-нибудь ещё nobody else н и кто больш е w h a t else что ещё w ho else к то ещё end [end] 1) n конец ; 2) v з а к а н ч и в а ть с я to end in за к о н ч и тьс я чем-либо to end up о к а за ть с я, о ч у ти ть с я to end sm th w ith sm th за к о н ч и ть что-то чем-то a t th e end в конце ending ['endirj] ф инал E n lig h te n m e n t* [in'laitnm ant] П росвещ ение the A g e o f E n lig h te n m e n t в е к П р о свещ ен и я en ter ['enta] входить, вступ ать, поступать to e n ter u n iv e rs ity п о ступ ать в ун и вер си тет e n tertain m e n t ^enta'teinmant] развлечение en tra n ce [entrans] вход equipm ent [I'kwipmant] оборудование a p iece o f eq u ip m en t предмет оборудования e ra * ['iara] эра eve n t [iv en t] собы тие, вы ступ л ен и е (в спорте) a h isto ric e ve n t историческое собы тие e v e n tu a lly [i'ven t[u ali] со врем енем, в конц е конц ов ex cite [ik'sait] во л н о вать, во зб уж д ать ex cited [ik'saitid] взво лн о ван н ы й ex citem en t [ik'saitm ant] волнение expect* [ik'spekt] ож идать expensive [ik'spensiv] дорогой, дорогостоящ ий experim ent* [ik'sperim ent] 1) n опы т; 2) v эксперим ентировать exp lain [ik'splem ] о б ъясн ять to ex p lain som ething to som ebody о б ъясн ять что-то кому-то F f a ir [fea] 1) к р а си вы й ; 2) све тл ы й ; 3) спр авед ливы й fello w * ['felau ] п р и яте л ь, парень film [film ] кино, киноф ильм a co lo u r film ц ветной ф ильм film in d u s try ки н о и н д устр и я a h o rro r film ф ильм уж а со в a scien ce fic tio n (s c i- fi) film н аучн о - п о п ул яр н ы й ф ильм fin a lly ['fain a li] наконец flig h t* [flait] полёт flo p [flo p ] н еуд ачн ы й, п р о вал ьн ы й ф ильм fo rm e r ['faim a] пер вы й и з уп о м ян у ты х fo y e r ['faiei] фойе frig h te n in g * ['ffaitanir)] п угаю щ и й fu rth e r ['f3:6a] д альн ей ш и й, более д альний (no расстоянию) fu rth e st ['f3:6ist] сам ы й дальний (no расст оянию)

116 G 116 gallery ['gaelari] галёрка in the gallery на галёрке geographical [^ka'graefikl] географический gifted ['giftid] одарённый to be gifted in /a t som ething быть одарённым в какой-либо области gladiator* ['glaedieita] гладиатор glass [gla:s] 1) n стекло; 2) v стеклянный globe* [glaub] земной шар, глобус glove-m aker* ['gl/vv ^eika] перчаточник god [god] бог, божество God Бог (в христианстве) golf [golf] гольф goods* [gudz] товары govern* ['длуэп] управлять grab [дгаеь] хватать graduate ['graedjueit] оканчивать, выпускаться to graduate from a university (college) заканчивать университет, колледж graduate ['graedjuit] выпускник gravity* ['graevati] гравитация the law of gravity* закон всемирного притяжения gripping ['gripir)] захватывающий guy [gai] (informal) парень gym nastics [djim'naestiks] гимнастика head [hed] 1) n глава; 2) v возглавлять heroic [hi'rauik] героический historian [hi'sta:rian] историк historic [hi'stdnk] исторический hit [hit] хит, имеющий успех (о книге, фильме) to be a hit with the public иметь успех у публики hockey (ice hockey) ['hoki] хоккей, хоккей на льду hold (held, held) [hauld] держать, доводить to hold on ждать to hold on to sm th держаться за что-либо to hold out протягивать to hold up задерживать honour ['ипэ] 1) n честь; 2) v чествовать host* [ht>st] 1) принимать; 2) вмещать however* [hau'eva] как бы то ни было H imaginary* [I'maedjinri] воображаемый im agination [^maedji'neijn] воображение im portance [im'pa:tans] важность, значимость im possible [im'pdsabl] невозможный impress [im'pres] производить впечатление I

117 im p re s s io n [im 'prejn] в п еч атлен и е to le a v e a deep im p re s s io n on som eb od y п р ои зв оди ть н а к ого-то гл у б о к о е впеч атлен и е im p ro v e [im'prurv] у л уч ш ать im p ro v e m e n t [im 'pnnvm ont] у л у ч ш ен и е im p ro v is e * ['im pravaiz] и м п р ов и зи р ов ать in s tr u c tio n * [in'strakjn] н аст ав л ен и е in te lle c t u a l [^nts'lektjual] 1 ) a d j и н тел л ек т уальн ы й ; 2 ) n и н тел л ек т у а л in t e r io r * [in'tiaria] и н тер ьер in t e r v a l ['intavl] а н тр ак т, пер ер ы в in tro d u c e [^ntra'djms] п р едставить, п о зн а к о м и ть to in tro d u c e o n e s e lf п р едставить ся to in tro d u c e so m eb o d y to so m eb o d y п р едстав и ть к ого-то к ом у-т о 117 J jo in [d p in ] п р и соед и н я т ь ся to jo in in a n a c t iv it y п р и с о ед и н и т ь ся к к а к о й -т о дея т ел ь н о ст и to jo in som eb o d y п р и с о ед и н и т ь ся к к ом у-т о ju b ile e * ['djuibili:] ю би л ей ju m p [ф л т р ] 1) n п р ы ж ок ; 2 ) v пры гать th e h ig h ju m p п р ы ж о к в в ы соту th e lo n g ju m p п р ы ж о к в д л и н у b u n g ee ['bandji] ju m p in g п р ы ж о к с т ар зан к и s k i ju m p in g п р ы ж к и н а л ы ж а х с т р ам п л и н а К k e y * [ki:] к л ю ч k n o w le d g e ['шэьф] зн а н и я n o t to m y k n o w le d g e м н е об этом н е и зв естн о k n o w le d g e a b le ['nolidpbl] зн а ю щ и й la s t [la:st] п осл ед н и й a t la s t н ак он ец la t t e r ['laeta] второй и з д в у х у п о м я н у т ы х la w [Ь:] за к о н th e la w o f n a tu re за к о н п ри р оды to b re a k th e la w н аруш ать зак он to k e e p la w s собл ю дать за к о н to m a k e la w s создав ать зак он ы le a d [li:d] (le d ) вести to le a d a q u ie t lif e вести т и х у ю, н еза м ет н у ю ж и зн ь le a d e r [li:d a] л и д ер le a d in g ['li:diq] в ед у щ и й a le a d in g p a r t/ r o le в ед у щ а я, гл авн ая роль le a s t [li:st] н аи м ен ь ш и й le a th e r [1ебэ] 1) n к о ж а ; 2 ) a d j к о ж а н ы й le s s [les] м ен ь ш е L

118 library ['la ib ra ri] б и б л и о те к а lightning* [ la itm q ] м о л н и я local* ['la u k l] м е с т н ы й M 118 magical* ['m aedjikl] в о л ш е б н ы й, м а г и ч е с к и й majesty* ['m aedjasti] в е л и ч и е Her Majesty Е ё В е л и ч е с т в о mankind ['m aenkaind] ч е л о в е ч е ств о marketing* ['m a :k itir)] м а р к е т и н г matter [ maeta] 1) с у т ь, с у щ н о с т ь ; 2) м а те р и я meantime j^m im 'taim ] тем врем енем in the meantime в то ж е сам о е в р е м я meanwhile ^ m im 'w ail] в то ж е сам о е в р е м я mechanic* [m i'kaem k] м е х а н и к medical ['m e d ik l] м е д и ц и н ск и й m essage ['m esidj] 1) и д ея; 2 ) послание text message* 1) n С М С -сооб щ ен и е; 2 ) v п е р е д авать С М С -сообщ ение metal ['m e tl] 1) n м е т а л л ; 2 ) a d j м е т а л л и ч е с к и й mime* [m a im ] 1) м и м, у ч а с т н и к п а н т о м и м ы ; 2 ) д в и ж е н и я те л а mind [m aind] ум to my mind к а к м н е п р е д с т а в л я е т с я mix (up) [m iks] с м е ш и в а т ь m ixture ['m ikstfa] см есь a mixture of feelings с м е ш а н н ы е ч у в с т в а moral* ['m o ra l] 1) n м о р а л ь; 2 ) a d j н р а в с т в е н н ы й mountaineering ^m aun ti'n iarir)] а л ь п и н и з м moving ['m u :vir)] 1) д в и ж у щ и й с я ; 2 ) тр о г а т е л ь н ы й fast moving б ы стр о р а з в и в а ю щ е е с я (о д ейст вии ф ильм а, сюжете) musical ['m ju :z ik l] 1) a d j м у з ы к а л ь н ы й ; 2) п м ю з и к л nation ['n e ijn ] н а ц и я, народ national ['naejnal] н а ц и о н а л ь н ы й the national team сб о р н а я к о м а н д а new [nju:] н о в ы й brand-new аб со л ю тн о н о в ы й, «с и г о л о ч к и» news* [n ju :z ] н о во сти noble ['n a u b l] б л аго р о д н ы й novel ['n D val] р о м ан Nutcracker*['nAtlkraeka] Щ е л к у н ч и к N object* ['D bdpkt] п р ед м ет, о б ъ е к т offer [ o fs] п р е д л а га ть oil* [o il] н е ф ть, р а с ти те л ьн о е м асл о opera [Ъ р гэ] опера (a pair of) opera glasses [Ъ р гэ,gla;siz] т е а т р а л ь н ы й б и н о к л ь opinion [э'р и уэп ] м нение О

119 o p p o rtu n ity ^D p a'tjum iti] в о з м о ж н о ст ь to ta k e / m is s a n o p p o rtu n ity и с п о л ь з о в а т ь / у п у с т и т ь в о з м о ж н о с т ь o p tic s * ['D ptiks] о п т и к а o r b it* ['a :b it] о р б и та o rc h e s tra p it ['aik istra,pit] о р к е с тр о в а я я м а o rg a n iz e ['a:g an aiz] о р га н и з о в ы в а ть o r ig in a l [a 'rk& in l] о р и г и н а л ь н ы й p 119 p a l [pael] ( in fo rm a l) п р и я т е л ь p a n to m im e ['paentam aim ] п а н то м и м а p a r k o u r* [p a :'k u a ] п а р к у р p e a ce [p i:s] м и р, п о ко й to k eep p e a ce с о х р а н я т ь м и р w a r a n d p e a ce в о й н а и м и р p e a c e fu l ['p i:s fl] м и р н ы й, с п о к о й н ы й p e rc e n t (p e r c e n t) [p a'sen t] п р о ц ен т p e rfe c tio n is t* [p a'fek jan ist] п е р ф е кц и о н и ст P e r s ia * [р з :[э ] П е р с и я p e rs o n a lity * [p sisa'n aelati] л и ч н о с т ь p h ilo s o p h y [fi'ld sa fi] ф и л о со ф и я p ia n is t ['p i:am st] п и а н и с т p ic k * [p ik ] со б и р а ть, р в а т ь p in e * [p a in ] со сн а p la s tic ['plaestik] 1) n п л а с т и к ; 2 ) a d j п л а с т и к о в ы й, п л а с тм а с с о в ы й p la tfo r m * ['plcetfa:m ] п о м о ст, п л а тф о р м а p la y h o u s e * ['p leih au s] теа тр p le a s u re ['р1езэ] уд о в о л ьс тв и е w ith p le a s u re с уд о в о л ь с тв и е м p o e tic [p au 'etik ] п о э т и ч н ы й, п о э т и ч е с к и й p o lit ic a l [p a 'litik l] п о л и т и ч е с к и й p o lo ['p a u la u ] поло w a te r p o lo ввод ное по ло p o s itio n * [p a 'z ijn ] м есто, п о з и ц и я, д о л ж н о с ть p o s sib le ['pd sabl] в о з м о ж н ы й p re fere n c e ['p refran s] п р ед п о чтен и е p re - h is to ric * ^ p rkhi'std rik] д о и сто р и ч е с к и й p res e n ce ['prezans] п р и с у т с т в и е press (th e ) [pres] пресса p re v io u s ['p ri:v ia s ] п р е д ы д ущ и й, п р е д ш е с тв у ю щ и й p re v io u s ly ['p ri:v ia s li] ранее p ric e [p rais] ц ен а to b u y s o m e th in g a t a c e r ta in p ric e п о к у п а т ь что-ли бо по о п р ед елён н ой цене p ric e le s s ['p raisla s] б е сц е н н ы й p r ic y (p r ic ie ) ['p ra is i] д орогой, д о р о го сто ящ и й p r im it iv e * ['p rim itiv ] п р о сто й, п р и м и т и в н ы й p riz e [praiz ] награда, пр из to w in / g e t a p riz e в ы и г р а т ь, п о л у ч и т ь н а гр а д у, п р и з p ro d u c e [p ra'd ju :s] п р о и зво д и ть, в ы п у с к а т ь to p ro d u ce goods в ы п у с к а т ь то в а р ы p ro d u c t* ['prod A kt] п р о д ук т

120 120 p rog ra m m e ['praugraem ] п р о гр ам м а p ro v e * [p ru :v ] д о к а з ы в а т ь p u b lic ['р л Ь Ь к ] о б щ е ст в е н н ы й, п у б л и ч н ы й p u n ish ['p A n ij] н а к а з ы в а т ь to p u n is h so m eb o d y fo r s o m e th in g н а к а з ы в а т ь кого-то за что-либо p u t [p u t] к л а с т ь to p u t d o w n з а п и с а т ь to p u t o f f о т л о ж и т ь, о тс р о ч и ть to p u t o u t п о г а с и т ь, в ы к л ю ч и т ь to p u t u p w ith s o m e th in g м и р и т ь с я с чем -либо R ra c e [re is] г о н к а, с о с т я з а н и е н а с к о р о сть c a r r a c in g * а в то го н к и m o to rc y c le ra c in g м о то го н к и to ra c e so m eb o d y to a p la c e б е ж а т ь с кем -то н а п е р е го н к и до како гото м е ста r a n c h * [ra :n tj] р а н чо r a p id ['raepid] б ы с т р ы й r a p id ly ['raep id li] б ы стр о re a p p e a r [,п :э'р 1э ] п о я в л я т ь с я в н о в ь r e c e iv e [ri's i:v ] п о л у ч а т ь, п р и н и м а т ь to re c e iv e v is it o r s п р и н и м а т ь п о се ти те л е й, го сте й re fu s e [ri'iju :z ] о т к а з ы в а т ь с я re m e m b ra n c e * [ri'm em b rans] н а п о м и н а н и е r e p ly [ri'p la i] 1) v о т в е т и т ь ; 2 ) n о тв е т, р е п л и к а re q u ire d * [ri'k w a ia d ] т р е б у ю щ и й с я, н ео б х о д и м ы й re s is ta n c e [n 'z istan s] с о п р о ти вл е н и е res p e c t [n 'sp e k t] у в а ж е н и е re s p e c t fo r so m eb o d y / s o m e th in g у в а ж е н и е к к о м у- то, чем у- то re s p e c ta b le [ri'sp ek tab l] у в а ж а е м ы й, р е с п е к та б е л ь н ы й res p e c ted [n 'sp e k tid ] у в а ж а е м ы й re s p o n s ib le [n'spd nsabl] о тв е т с т в е н н ы й to be re s p o n s ib le fo r s o m e th in g о т в е ч а т ь за что-либо re tu r n [ri't3 :n ] в е р н у т ь, в е р н у т ь с я ris e (ro s e, ris e n ) [ra iz ] п о д н и м а тьс я ro b b e ry * ['ro b a ri] о гр аб л ен и е, гр а б ё ж ro d e o * [rau 'd eiau ] родео ro w [гэи ] р яд r o y a l* ['ro ia l] к о р о л е в с к и й ru b b e r ['гл Ь э] 1) n р е зи н а ; 2 ) a d j р е зи н о в ы й ru g b y ['гл д Ы ] р егби r u le r * ['ги:1э] п р а в и т е л ь ru n [гл п ] п р о т я ж ё н н о с т ь in th e lo n g r u n * в п е р с п е к ти в е, ко гда- н и б уд ь s a fe [seif] н а д ё ж н ы й, з а щ и щ ё н н ы й s a fe a n d so u n d в ц ел о сти и со х р а н н о сти scene [si:n ] сц ена a scen e o f c rim e м есто п р е с т у п л е н и я S

121 scenery ['s i:n a ri] д еко р ац и и school [sk u :l] ш к о л а high school с та р ш и е к л а с с ы ш к о л ы (в С Ш А) score [ska:] 1) п с ч ё т ; 2) v п о л у ч и т ь о ч к о, з а б и т ь гол screen [skri:n ] экр ан to come to the screen в ы й т и н а э к р а н screen version э к р а н и з а ц и я see [si:] вид еть to see smb around в с т р е ч а т ь с я с кем -либо to see through ви д е ть н а с к в о з ь to see to п р и г л я д ы в а т ь, п о за б о ти ть с я to see off п р о в о ж а т ь seem [si:m ] к а з а т ь с я to seem to somebody к а з а т ь с я ко м у-то seldom* ['seld am ] р ед ко sense [sens] 1) р а з у м ; 2 ) ч у в с т в о a sense of humour ч у в с т в о ю м о р а common sense зд р а в ы й с м ы с л sensible ['sen sabl] р а з у м н ы й series* ['siari:z ] сер и я shallow ['jaelau] 1) м е л к и й ; 2 ) л и ш ё н н ы й гл у б о к о го с о д е р ж а н и я, п о ве р х н о с тн ы й share [je a ] 1) v д е л и т ь (с я ), р а з д е л я т ь 2 ) п д о л я to share am ong/bet w een/with somebody д е л и ть м е ж д у кем -то, с кем -то silence ['sailan s] м о л ч а н и е, т и ш и н а silent ['sa ila n t] 1) ти х и й, м о л ч а л и в ы й ; 2 ) н ем о й (о ф ильм е) to keep silent х р а н и т ь м о л ч а н и е, со б л ю д а ть т и ш и н у a silent film н ем о й ф и л ьм silk [silk ] 1) п ш ё л к ; 2 ) a d j ш ё л к о в ы й silly ['s ili] г л у п ы й silver ['s ilv a ] 1) п серебро; 2 ) adj се р е б р ян ы й a silver medal с е р е б р я н а я м ед ал ь skateboarding ['skeitbordiq] к а т а н и е н а скей тб о р д е ski [s k i:] к а т а т ь с я н а л ы ж а х ski cap ['sk i:,kaep] л ы ж н а я ш а п о ч к а ski suit ['sk i:,su:t] л ы ж н ы й к о с тю м slavery* ['s le iv a ri] р абство smell [sm el] 1) n за п а х ; 2 ) v п а х н у т ь smile [sm ail] 1) n у л ы б к а ; 2 ) v у л ы б а т ь с я to smile at somebody у л ы б н у т ь с я ко м у-то to smile to oneself у л ы б а т ь с я са м о м у себе, сво и м м ы с л я м so [sau] т а к so-so т а к себе, не о ч е н ь х о р о ш и й sock [sn k] н о со к knee-length (knee-high) socks гольф ы solve* [sdiv] р еш ать soul* [sau l] д у ш а sound [saun d] 1) n з в у к ; 2 ) v з в у ч а т ь a sound film з в у к о в о й ф и л ь м That sounds good. Э то з в у ч и т з а м а н ч и в о, spectator ^spek'teita] з р и те л ь spectrum* ['spektram ] сп ектр 121

122 122 sp o rtsw ea r * [spa:tsw ea] спортивная о д еж д а s ta g e [steidj] сц ен а, п одм остки on th e s ta g e на сц ен е s t a lls [sta:lz] партер in th e s t a lls в партере sta r [sta:] 1) n звезда; 2) v блистать, сним аться в кино ste a l* [sti:l] (sto le, sto le n ) красть s tic k [stik] п алка a m a g ic stic k волш ебная палочка sto le n * [staulan] украден н ы й stu d ie s* ['stadiz] уч ёба, зан я ти я su r fin g ['s3:fir)] сёрф инг sw im m in g tr u n k s ['swimiq,tragks] плавки sw im su it ['swimsu:t] к упальник T ta [ta :] (inform al) спасибо ta -ta [ta'ta:] (inform al) пок а, до сви дан и я ta le n t [taelant] талант ta le n te d ['tselantid] талантливы й ta s te [teist] 1) n вкус; 2) v им еть вкус to m y ta s te м не по вкусу te a m [ti:m ] к ом ан да te le sc o p e ['teliskaup ] телескоп a r e fle c tin g te le sc o p e отраж аю щ и й телескоп te r r ific [ta'rifik] п отр ясаю щ ий terro rize ['teraraiz] терроризировать th o u g h [баи] хотя th o u g h t-p r o v o k in g ['G adpra^aukirj] даю щ и й п и щ у для р азм ы ш лен и й th r ill [G ril] 1) n волнение; 2) v волновать th r ille d [G rild] взволнованны й, в озбуж дён н ы й th r illin g ['G riliq ] в ол н ую щ и й, щ ек оч ущ и й нервы tic k e t ['tik it] 1) билет; 2) ж етон, ном ерок tic k e t o ffic e билетная касса t r a in /p la n e /b o a t/b u s tic k e t билет на п о езд, сам ол ёт, корабль, автобус tra g e d y ['treedjadi] трагедия tra m p * [traemp] бр одяга tr a n sp o r t ['traenspa:t] 1) n транспорт; 2) v [traens'pa:t] п ер евозить u m b re lla * [лш'ьге1э] зонт u n iq u e* jju:'ni:k] уникальны й u sh e r [ ' ф ] к ап ел ьди н ер, билетёр U v ic to r y * ['v ik tari] победа v ie w [v ju :] вид, взгл яд in m y v ie w с м оей точки зр ен и я V

123 v illa g e [Vilicfe] деревня vio le n t ['vaialant] ж естокий w aste [weist] напрасная трата a w aste of tim e напрасная трата времени w ea lthy ['welgi] состоятельный w e ig h tliftin g ['weit^iftip] тяж ё л а я атлетика w ell-behaved* ^welbi'heivd] воспитанный w est [west] запад the W ild W e s t Д икий Запад w estern ['westan] западный w h atever* [wdt'eva] что угодно w hole [haul] целый w illin g ly ['wilipli] охотно w in d su rfin g ['winds3:fir>] виндсёрфинг w ine* [wain] вино w in n er ['wina] победитель wisdom ['wizdam] мудрость w it* [wit] ум, остроумие w ith in [w i'din] внутри, в течение (о периоде времени) w ith in an hour в течение часа w ith in the cou n try внутри страны w oe* [wau] горе wonder ['wanda] интересоваться, спрашивать w orld [W3:ld] мир a ll over the w o rld во всём мире wool [w ul] ш ерсть W yoga ['jauga] йога Y

124 List of Proper Names 124 Alaska [a'laeska] Albania [asl'bemia] (the) Appalachians [,aepa'leijanz] Australia [Dstreilia] Austria ['DStria] Brazil [bra'zil] Covent Garden [,kdvant 'ga:dn] Brighon ['braitn] Brussels ['braslz] Canberra ['kaenbara] Chicago [fi'kcirgau] China ['t aina] (the) Colorado River [,ко1э'га:ёэи,riva] Death Valley [,de0 'vaeli] (the) Globe Theatre [,glsub 'Biata] (the) Grand Canyon [,graend 'kaenjan] (the) Great Planes [,greit 'pleinz] Japan [dja'paen] Kansas City [,kaenzas 'siti] Lake Badwater [,leik 'baedwarta] Melbourne ['melban] Аляска (штат в США) Албания (государство в Европе) Аппалачи/Аппалачские горы (горная система на востоке Северной Америки) Австралия Австрия (государство в Европе) Бразилия (государство в Южной Америке) Ковент-Гарден (театр в Лондоне, место проведения оперных и балетных спектаклей) Брайтон (город на юге Великобритании) Брюссель (столица Бельгии) Канберра (столица Австралии) Чикаго (город в США) Китай (государство в Восточной Азии) река Колорадо (на юго-западе США и северо-западе Мексики) Долина Смерти (США, национальный заповедник в восточной части Калифорнии) театр «Глобус» (один из старейших лондонских театров) Великий (Большой) Каньон (США) Великие равнины (США), предгорное плато Кордильерских гор Япония Канзас-Сити (1) город в штате Миссури, США; 2) город в штате Канзас, США) озеро Бэдвоутер (в Долине Смерти, США) Мельбурн (второй по величине город Австралии)

125 (th e ) N a tio n a l A ir and Space M useum [,naejnal,ea and 'speis mju^zkam] (the ) N ia g a ra F a lls [nai,aegara 'fa:lz] (the ) N ia g a ra R iv e r [nai,aegara 'riva] N ig eria [nai'c^iaria] Pe rth [рз:0] P e ru [pa'ru:] Sin gap ore ^sirja'pa:] Sydn ey ['sidni] Texas ['teksas] V an co u ver [vaen'ku:va] V ietnam [yjet'nasm] W em bley ['wembli] Н ациональны й музей авиации и космонавтики (музей Смитсоновского инст ит ут а в Вашингтоне) Н иагарский водопад река Н иагара